Search results for: (R)-Amino-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic Acid Methyl Ester Hydrochloride C9H12ClNO3 CAS: 57591-61-4
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NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (CAS No. 298-59-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
Methylphenidate hydrochloride is a drug used in the treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders. This drug was nominated for study by the Food and Drug Administration and the National Cancer Institute because of its widespread use in human medicine and because of lack of data on its potential carcinogenicity. Oral administration is the most common route of human exposure. Toxicology and carcinogenicity studies were conducted by administering methylphenidate hydrochloride (USP grade) ad libitum in feed to groups of male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1, mice for 14 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium and in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. 14-DAY STUDY IN RATS: Groups of five male and five female F344/N rats were fed diets containing 0, 16, 62, 250, 1,000, or 4,000 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride for 14 days. All rats survived to the end of the study. The final mean body weights of 4,000 ppm male and female rats were 9% lower than those of the controls. Absolute and relative liver weights of 4,000 ppm males and females were significantly greater than those of the controls. Clinical findings during the first week of the study included hyperactivity in 4,000 ppm males and females, but these animals appeared to be normal during the second week of treatment. No treatment-related gross lesions were observed; however, centrilobular hypertrophy was observed in 4,000 ppm males and females. 14-DAY STUDY IN MICE: Groups of five male and five female B6C3F1, mice were fed diets containing 0, 16, 62, 250, 1,000, or 4,000 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride for 14 days. Three 4,000 ppm males died during the second week of the study; all other mice survived to the end of the study. The final mean body weight of 4,000 ppm females was 11% lower than that of the controls, and the mean body weight gains of 1,000 and 4,000 ppm males and females were also significantly lower than those of the controls. Absolute and relative liver weights of all exposed groups of males and of 4,000 ppm females were significantly greater than those of the controls. Hyperactivity was observed during the second week of the study in some 4,000 ppm males. Degeneration and necrosis of the renal tubule epithelium were observed in two 4,000 ppm males. Hepatocellular hypertrophy was observed in males and females exposed to 1,000 or 4,000 ppm and in males exposed to 250 ppm. 13-WEEK STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 10 male and 10 female F344/N rats were fed diets containing 0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride for 13 weeks. There were no chemical-related effects on survival. Mean body weight gains of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 ppm males and females and of 250 ppm females were significantly lower than those of the controls. Final mean body weights of exposed males and females were similar to those of the controls. During the first week of the study, feed consumption by 2,000 ppm rats was less than that by controls, but during the remainder of the study feed consumption by exposed and control groups was similar. Rats exposed to 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm received approximate doses of 8, 15, 30, 70, or 130 mg methylphenidate hydrochloride per kilogram body weight per day (males) or 9, 18, 30, 70, or 150 mg/kg per day (females). Clinical findings in 1,000 and 2,000 ppm females included slight hypersensitivity to touch, hyperactivity, and increased vocalization during handling periods. Absolute and relative liver weights of 2,000 ppm males and females were significantly greater than those of the controls, as were the relative liver weights of 1,000 ppm males and females. No chemical-related differences in bone length, bone density, or nose-to-rump lengths were noted in males or females, nor were there treatment related histopathologic lesions. 13-WEEK STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 10 male and 10 female B6C3F1, mice were fed diets containing 0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride for 13 weeks. There were no chemical-related effects on ed effects on survival. Final mean body weights of males exposed to 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm and of 2,000 ppm females were significantly lower than those of the controls. The final mean body weights of other exposed male and female groups were similar to those of the controls. During the first week of the study, feed consumption by 2,000 ppm mice was less than that by controls; feed consumption by exposed groups was similar to that by the controls throughout the remainder of the study. Mice exposed to 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm received approximate doses of 15, 30, 70, 115, or 230 mg/kg per day (males) or 15, 30, 70, 125, or 260 mg/kg per day (females). No chemical-related clinical findings were observed. Absolute and relative liver weights of 1,000 and 2,000 ppm males and females were significantly greater than those of the controls, as were the relative liver weights of 125, 250, and 500 ppm males. Centrilobular hypertrophy and hepatocellular degeneration or necrosis were observed in males exposed to 500, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride. 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Based on the increased liver weights and lower body weight gains in 2,000 ppm rats in the 13-week study, the high dose selected for the 2-year rat study was 1,000 ppm. Groups of 70 male and 70 female F344/N rats were fed diets containing 0, 100, 500, or 1,000 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride for up to 2 years. As many as 10 male and 10 female rats per exposure group were evaluated at 9 or 15 months. Survival, Body Weights, Feed and Compound Consumption, and Clinical Findings: Survival of exposed rats was similar to that of the controls at the end of the study. Mean body weights of 500 and 1,000 ppm males were 3% to 10% lower than those of the controls from week 30 to the end of the study; during the same time period, mean body weights of 500 and 1,000 ppm females were 4% to 24% less than those of the controls. Final mean body weights of rats exposed to 100, 500, or 1,000 ppm were 102%, 95%, or 90% (males) and 96%, 89%, or 78% (females) those of the controls. Rats exposed to 100, 500, or 1,000 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride in feed received approximate doses of 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg per day (males and females). The only chemical-related clinical finding was an increased incidence of fighting among group-housed males exposed to 1,000 ppm. Hematology and Clinical Chemistry: No biologically significant differences in hematology or clinical chemistry parameters occurred at 9 or 15 months. Pathology Findings: In female rats exposed to 500 or 1,000 ppm, the incidence of mammary gland fibroadenomas was decreased (0 ppm, 15/49; 100 ppm, 13/50; 500 ppm, 6/ 48; 1,000 ppm, 5/50), and the decrease was considered to be related to chemical administration. No significant chemical-related increases in neoplasm incidences were observed in male or female rats. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Based on the liver toxicity and lower body weight gains observed in 1,000 and 2,000 ppm mice in the 13-week study, the high dose selected for the 2-year study was 500 ppm. Groups of 70 male and 70 female B6C3F1 mice were fed diets containing 0, 50, 250, or 500 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride for 2 years. As many as 10 male and 10 female mice per exposure group were evaluated at 9 or 15 months. Survival, Body Weights, Feed and Compound Consumption, and Clinical Findings: Survival of exposed mice was similar to that of the controls at the end of the study. Mean body weights of mice exposed to 250 or 500 ppm were 3% to 11% lower than those of the controls throughout much of the study; during the same time period, mean body weights of 250 ppm females were 3% to 7% lower than those of the controls. Final mean body weights of mice exposed to 50, 250, or 500 ppm were 97%, 89%, or 93% (males) and 98%, 93%, or 97% (females) that of the controls. Mice exposed to 50, 250, or 500 ppm methylphenidate hydrochloride in feed were estimated to have received 6, 30, or 60 mg/kg body weight per day (males) or 8, 40, or 80 mg/kg per day (females). There were no chemical related clinical findings. Hematology and Clinical Chemistry: No biologically significant differences in hematology or clinical chemistry parameters occurred at 9 or 15 months. Pathology Findings: The principal lesions associated with the administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride occurred in the liver. A few hepatocellular neoplasms were observed in control and exposed male mice at the 9-and 15-month interim evaluations, but the incidences in exposed groups were not significantly increased. At the end of the 2-year study, incidences of eosinophilic foci were increased in 500 ppm males and females. Increased incidences of hepatoblastoma occurred in 500 ppm males (0 ppm, 0/50; 50 ppm, 1/50; 250 ppm, 1/50; 500 ppm, 5/50). Increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma also occurred in 500 ppm males (18/50, 18/50, 16/50, 29/50) and females (6/49, 10/48, 10/49, 28/50). The incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma were similar among control and exposed mice. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY: Methylphenidate hydrochloride was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537, with or without exogenous metabolic activation (S9). Methylphenidate hydrochloride was also tested for induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. In the chromosomal aberrations tests, positive results were not consistently dependent upon the presence or absence of S9 activation. Sister chromatid exchanges were not increased in the presence of S9, but one laboratory did obtain a positive response without S9 by testing higher doses than were used in tests With S9. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2-year feed studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of methylphenidate hydrochloride in male or female F344/ N rats receiving 100, 500, or 1,000 ppm. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of methylphenidate hydrochloride in male and female B6C3F1 mice based on the occurrence of hepatocellular neoplasms. Treatment of female rats with methylphenidate hydrochloride was associated with a decrease in the incidence of mammary gland fibroadenomas. Administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride to male and female mice resulted in increased incidences of eosinophilic foci. Synonyms: a-phenyl-2-piperidineacetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride; methylphenidylacetate hydrochloride; a-phenyl-a-(2-piperidyl)acetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride; methyl a-phenyl-a-(2-piperidyl)acetate hydrochloride2576 related Products with: NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (CAS No. 298-59-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
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Structural characterization of terflavoxate.
Data are reported on the structural characterization of 3-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-8-carboxylic acid 1,1-dimethyl-2-(N-piperidinyl)ethyl ester hydrochloride (terflavoxate-HCl, Rec 15/2053, CAS 86433-39-8), a new antispasmodic for the lower urinary tract. UV, IR, NMR and MS spectra fully confirmed the structure. The X-ray crystal structure determination revealed that the molecular structure consists of a rigid platform, formed by the chromone system, with two arms, the phenyl group at C(2) and the ester chain at C(8). The ester chain conformation generates a small hollow where two oxygen atoms face.A Leonardi, R Cappelletti, D Nardi, F Giordano
1107 related Products with: Structural characterization of terflavoxate.
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Metabolic fate of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril in animals. 7th communication: in vitro metabolism.
In order to clarify the sites of metabolism and the metabolizing enzymes of imidapril hydrochloride ((-)-(4S)-3-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1- ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]amino]propionyl]-1-methyl-2- oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, imidapril, TA-6366, CAS 89396-94-1), metabolism studies were carried out using rat, dog, monkey, and human plasma and rat tissue homogenates. After incubating with the various plasma samples, imidapril was mainly metabolized to the pharmacologically active metabolite, 6366 A (M1, CAS 89371-44-8), in rat plasma; on the other hand, the ester bond of imidapril was not hydrolyzed in dog, monkey, and human plasma. Imidapril was metabolized to M1, M2, M3, and M4 in all rat tissue homogenates tested. Aside from the above metabolites, no other metabolites were detected. The metabolic activity of imidapril to M1 was the highest in the liver, followed by the kidney and lung; however, it was low in other tissue homogenates. From the results of experiments using certain esterase inhibitors, it has been concluded that the metabolic conversion of imidapril to M1 is mainly due to a carboxylesterase (B-esterase). In contrast, the metabolic activity of imidapril to M2 and M3 (or M4) was highest in the kidney and small intestine while low in other tissues. From the experiments using certain enzyme inhibitors, it has been found that an acetylesterase (C-esterase) is largely involved in the metabolism of imidapril into M2 and M3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)Y Yamada, M Otsuka, O Takaiti
1863 related Products with: Metabolic fate of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril in animals. 7th communication: in vitro metabolism.
900 tests1mg10mg3 inhibitors5mg100 0.1 ml5 mg5mg11 inhibitors100μgRelated Pathways
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Metabolic fate of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril in animals. 5th communication: isolation and identification of metabolites of imidapril in rats, dogs, and monkeys.
The metabolism of imidapril hydrochloride ((-)-(4S)-3-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]amino] propionyl]-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, imidapril, TA-6366, CAS 89396-94-1) was studied in rats and dogs after oral or intravenous administration of [N-methyl-14C]-imidapril or [alanine-3-14C]-imidapril, and in monkeys after oral administration of [alanine-3-14C]-imidapril. Radio-chromatographic analysis of the metabolites of imidapril from the plasma, urine, and bile of rats, dogs, or monkeys resulted in the detection of at least four metabolites. These four metabolites were isolated and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Of these metabolites, M1 (6366 A, CAS 89371-44-8) was pharmacologically active; however, M2, M3, and M4 were inactive. There was no evidence of any glucuronides or sulfates of drug-related compounds, or of the piperazine-dione lactam type metabolites of imidapril or 6366 A in the urine of the animals used. Imidapril was metabolized by hydrolysis at the carboxylic ethyl ester side-chain to give M1, and by cleavage of the amide bond to form M2 and M3. M4 was formed by hydrolysis of M3 and/or cleavage of the amide bond of M1. Qualitatively, the same metabolites were found in all animal species tested; however, quantitatively, there were differences in the amounts of metabolites formed depending on the species.Y Yamada, R Ohashi, Y Sugawara, M Otsuka, O Takaiti
1816 related Products with: Metabolic fate of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril in animals. 5th communication: isolation and identification of metabolites of imidapril in rats, dogs, and monkeys.
3 inhibitors900 tests5mg100 100.00 ug50ug5 mg5mg20 10mg10mg100Related Pathways
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Metabolic fate of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril in animals. 1st communication: absorption, pharmacokinetics and excretion in rats and dogs.
Imidapril hydrochloride ((-)-(4S)-3-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3- phenylpropyl]amino]propionyl]-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, imidapril, TA-6366, CAS 89396-94-1) is an ester prodrug of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, 6366 A (CAS 89371-44-8). Absorption, pharmacokinetics and excretion of imidapril were studied in rats and dogs after oral and intravenous administration of [N-methyl-14C]-imidapril and [N-methyl-14C]-6366 A (1 mg/kg). Following oral administration of 14C-labeled imidapril and 6366 A to rats, plasma concentrations of radioactivity were much higher after [N-methyl-14C]-imidapril dosing than after [N-methyl-14C]-6366 A dosing at all time points. Imidapril was relatively rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract and easily metabolized to the pharmacologically active 6366 A after oral dosing in the rats and dogs. Thus, imidapril proved to be an orally usable 6366 A prodrug. More than 62% and 38% of the dose were assumed to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in the rats and dogs, respectively. The in situ absorption study showed that [N-methyl-14C]-imidapril was absorbed from nearly the entire rat small intestine, especially from the jejunum, but hardly absorbed from the stomach. After oral administration, peak levels of radioactivity in the plasma occurred at 1 h in rats and 30 min to 2 h in dogs. The disappearance of unchanged drug from the plasma was much faster in rats than in dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)Y Yamada, M Endo, M Kohno, M Otsuka, O Takaiti
1355 related Products with: Metabolic fate of the new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril in animals. 1st communication: absorption, pharmacokinetics and excretion in rats and dogs.
900 tests3 inhibitors10mg0.1ml (1mg/ml)100 0.1 ml5 mg5mg5 Inhibitors20 5mgRelated Pathways
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