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In-vitro performance of a low flow extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal circuit.

Extracorporeal gas exchange requires the passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO) across an artificial membrane. Current European Union regulations do not require the transfer to be assessed in models using clinically relevant haemoglobin, making it difficult for clinicians to understand the CO clearance of a membrane, and how it changes in relation to sweep gas flow through the membrane. The characteristics of membrane CO clearance are described using a single membrane at different sweep gas flows in an in vitro model with clinically relevant haemoglobin concentrations using three separate methods of calculating CO clearance.

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Rabbit Anti-Endostatin CO Proteins and Antibodies H Rabbit Anti-Protamine 2 P Rabbit Anti-PDCD10 Polycl Rabbit Anti-RIP1 Polyclon Rabbit Anti-CIDE A Polycl Screen Quest™ Fluo 8 Me Rabbit Anti-ABCB6 Polyclo Rabbit Anti-ERN2 Polyclon Rabbit Anti-TPST2 Polyclo Rabbit Anti-RPS3 Polyclon Rabbit Anti-AMID AIFM2 Po

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GATA2 Promotes Hematopoietic Development and Represses Cardiac Differentiation of Human Mesoderm.

In vertebrates, GATA2 is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and is expressed throughout embryo development and in adult life. Although the essential role of GATA2 in mouse hematopoiesis is well established, its involvement during early human hematopoietic development is not clear. By combining time-controlled overexpression of GATA2 with genetic knockout experiments, we found that GATA2, at the mesoderm specification stage, promotes the generation of hemogenic endothelial progenitors and their further differentiation to hematopoietic progenitor cells, and negatively regulates cardiac differentiation. Surprisingly, genome-wide transcriptional and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that GATA2 bound to regulatory regions, and repressed the expression of cardiac development-related genes. Moreover, genes important for hematopoietic differentiation were upregulated by GATA2 in a mostly indirect manner. Collectively, our data reveal a hitherto unrecognized role of GATA2 as a repressor of cardiac fates, and highlight the importance of coordinating the specification and repression of alternative cell fates.

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Dissolved hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI in human kidneys.

To assess the feasibility of using dissolved hyperpolarized xenon-129 ( Xe) MRI to study renal physiology in humans at 3 T.

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Transcriptome-wide dynamics of extensive mA mRNA methylation during Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage development.

Malaria pathogenesis results from the asexual replication of Plasmodium falciparum within human red blood cells, which relies on a precisely timed cascade of gene expression over a 48-h life cycle. Although substantial post-transcriptional regulation of this hardwired program has been observed, it remains unclear how these processes are mediated on a transcriptome-wide level. To this end, we identified mRNA modifications in the P. falciparum transcriptome and performed a comprehensive characterization of N-methyladenosine (mA) over the course of blood-stage development. Using mass spectrometry and mA RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that mA is highly developmentally regulated, exceeding mA levels known in any other eukaryote. We characterize a distinct mA writer complex and show that knockdown of the putative mA methyltransferase, PfMT-A70, by CRISPR interference leads to increased levels of transcripts that normally contain mA. In accordance, we find an inverse correlation between mA methylation and mRNA stability or translational efficiency. We further identify two putative mA-binding YTH proteins that are likely to be involved in the regulation of these processes across the parasite's life cycle. Our data demonstrate unique features of an extensive mA mRNA methylation programme in malaria parasites and reveal its crucial role in dynamically fine-tuning the transcriptional cascade of a unicellular eukaryote.

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Randomized controlled trial of a water-soluble formulation of lutein in humans.

Lutein is poorly absorbed owing to their high hydrophobicity and crystallinity. This double-blind crossover trial involved eight healthy males who were administrated capsules containing either a lutein water-soluble formulation or a lutein oil suspension for 8 days. In the formulation group, plasma and erythrocytes lutein concentrations and baseline-corrected AUC were two-fold higher than those in the oil suspension group.

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Human cerebral malaria: 2019 mini review.

During severe malaria, both in endemic and non-endemic areas, cerebral malaria is strongly associated with mortality and morbidity. The main mechanisms of cerebral malaria combine sequestration of parasitized red blood cells in brain capillaries, production of cytokines, immune cell/platelet accumulation, and release of microparticules, finally resulting in endothelial lesions of the blood brain barrier, which contribute to various brain injuries (oedema, ischemia, haemorrhages). The neurological clinical findings range from simple delirium to profound coma. Fundoscopy, reflect of the brain microcirculation, is now currently realized in endemic areas, and should be recommended during imported cerebral malaria. Likewise, cerebral imaging should be systematically realized in patients with cerebral malaria. Intravenous artesunate is now firmly established as the treatment of choice for severe malaria worldwide in adults, children and during pregnancy. General care and supportive treatment are crucially important and supportive treatment of cerebral malaria should be better standardized. Finally, experimental and clinical research has a key role in cerebral malaria, so as to identify possible therapeutic targets in order to develop innovative therapies.

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Probing the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Young's Modulus of Human Erythrocytes Cytoskeleton using Atomic Force Microscopy.

In this work, we examined the possible effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on biomechanical properties of the membrane-cytoskeleton of human erythrocytes, after X-ray irradiation.

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Differences in Steap3 expression are a mechanism of genetic variation of RBC storage and oxidative damage in mice.

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most numerous cell type in the body and serve a vital purpose of delivering oxygen to essentially all tissues. In addition to the central role of RBCs in health and disease, RBC storage is a requirement for the >90 million units of RBC transfusions given to millions of recipients each year, worldwide. It is well known that there is genetic donor-to-donor variability in how human RBCs store, rendering blood a nonstandardized therapeutic with a wide range of biological properties from unit to unit, by the time it is transfused. As with humans, genetic variation exists in how murine RBCs, from different strains of mice, store and perform after transfusion. The genetic mechanisms for variation, in humans and mice, both remain obscure. Combining advanced metabolomics, genetics, and molecular and cellular biology approaches, we identify genetic variation in six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (Steap3) expression as a critical and previously unrecognized mechanism of oxidative damage of RBCs during storage. Increased levels of Steap3 result in degradation of cellular membrane through lipid peroxidation, leading to failure of RBC homeostasis and hemolysis/clearance of RBCs. This article is the first report of a role of Steap3 in mature RBCs; it defines a new mechanism of redox biology in RBCs with a substantial effect upon RBC function and provides a novel mechanistic determinant of genetic variation of RBC storage.

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Antimicrobial activity and structure of a consensus human β-defensin and its comparison to a novel putative hBD10.

The spread of multidrug resistant bacteria owing to the intensive use of antibiotics is challenging current antibiotic therapies, and making the discovery and evaluation of new antimicrobial agents a high priority. The evaluation of novel peptide sequences of predicted antimicrobial peptides from different sources is valuable approach to identify alternative antibiotic leads. Two strategies were pursued in this study to evaluate novel antimicrobial peptides from the human β-defensin family (hBD). In the first, a 32-residue peptide was designed based on the alignment of all available hBD primary structures, while in the second a putative 35-residue peptide, hBD10, was mined from the gene DEFB110. Both hBDconsensus and hBD10 were chemically synthesized, folded and purified. They showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but were not hemolytic on human red blood cells. The NMR-based solution structure of hBDconsensus revealed that it adopts a classical β-defensin fold and disulfide connectivities. Even though the mass spectrum of hBD10 confirmed the formation of three disulfide bonds, it showed limited dispersion in H NMR spectra and structural studies were not pursued. The evaluation of different β-defensin structures may identify new antimicrobial agents effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

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Pulmonary Renal Syndrome: Experience from Tertiary Centre in Mumbai.

Pulmonary Renal Syndrome (PRS), is characterized by diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) and glomerulonephritis (GN), occurring simultaneously. It has high mortality and dialysis dependence at one year, if not timely diagnosed and aggressively treated.

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