Search results for: Mouse Vitronectin Total Antigen Assay
#17548654 // To Up
Fibronectin- and vitronectin-induced microglial activation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is mediated by integrins alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta5.
Early in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, the blood-brain barrier is compromised, which leads to deposition of the plasma proteins fibronectin and vitronectin in cerebral parenchyma. In light of our previous finding that microglial activation in vitro is strongly promoted by fibronectin and vitronectin, we set out to examine the possibility that modulation of microglial activation by fibronectin or vitronectin is an important regulatory mechanism in vivo. In an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of demyelination, total brain levels of fibronectin and vitronectin were strongly increased and there was a close relationship between fibronectin and vitronectin deposition, microglial activation, and microglial expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. In murine cell culture, flow cytometry for MHC class I and gelatin zymography revealed that microglial activation and expression of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 were significantly increased by fibronectin and vitronectin. Function-blocking studies showed that the influence of fibronectin and vitronectin was mediated by the alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins, respectively. Taken together, this work suggests that fibronectin and vitronectin deposition during demyelinating disease is an important influence on microglial activation state. Furthermore, it provides the first evidence that the alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(v)beta(5) integrins are important mediators of microglial activation.Richard Milner, Stephen J Crocker, Stephanie Hung, Xiaoyun Wang, Ricardo F Frausto, Gregory J del Zoppo
1397 related Products with: Fibronectin- and vitronectin-induced microglial activation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is mediated by integrins alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta5.
1 mg1,000 tests1000 100 mg1000 tests100ug200ug1000 TESTS/0.65ml500 MG25 mg10 mgRelated Pathways
#7683273 // To Up
Blocking monoclonal antibodies to alpha V beta 3 integrin: a unique epitope of alpha V beta 3 integrin is present on human osteoclasts.
Integrins are a family of cell surface glycoproteins that promote cell adhesion. The integrin alpha V beta 3, vitronectin receptor, is a major integrin expressed by osteoclasts. To further investigate the role of alpha V beta 3 in cell adhesion, we generated and characterized monoclonal antibodies to alpha V beta 3 by immunizing BALB/c mice with purified alpha V beta 3 protein. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 9D4.9.1, 9G2.1.3, and 10C4.1.3, from a total of more than 1100 positive cultures which bound alpha V beta 3, were characterized extensively: mAbs 9G2.1.3 and 10C4.1.3 recognize the alpha V beta 3 complex whereas mAb 9D4.9.1 reacts with the beta 3-chain shared between the alpha V beta 3 complex and gpIIbIIIa. Further epitope mapping using flow microfluorometry analysis and histochemical staining of various tissues showed that 9D4.9.1 and 10C4.1.3 recognized distinct epitopes. Ligand-binding studies using cell-bound and purified alpha V beta 3 demonstrated that all three mAbs blocked fibrinogen binding. Vitronectin binding was blocked by mAb 9D4.9.1 and, less effectively, by mAb 10C4.1.3; mAb 9G2.1.3 was without effect. All three mAbs recognized osteoclasts from human tissues; mAb 9G2.1.3 also stained osteoclasts from a wide range of nonhuman species. Monoclonal antibodies 9D4.9.1 and 9G2.1.3 bound to a panel of cultured cell lines and various tissues. In contrast, mAb 10C4.1.3 bound only weakly or not at all to tissues expressing alpha V beta 3 with the exception of osteoclasts. Thus, mAb 10C4.1.3 showed a very narrow tissue specificity being restricted to high-level expression on human osteoclasts.A Chuntharapai, S Bodary, M Horton, K J Kim
2567 related Products with: Blocking monoclonal antibodies to alpha V beta 3 integrin: a unique epitope of alpha V beta 3 integrin is present on human osteoclasts.
100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized200.00 ug25 100ug Lyophilized100.00 ug100 TESTS/2ml100.00 ug100.00 ug100.00 ug100 ul100 ulRelated Pathways
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