Search results for: Polyclonal anticonjugated NOtyrosin antibodies
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Cholinergic neurotransmission from mechanosensory afferents to giant interneurons in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.
Crickets respond to air currents with quick avoidance behavior. The terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG) has a neuronal circuit for a wind-detection system to elicit this behavior. We investigated neuronal transmission from cercal sensory afferent neurons to ascending giant interneurons (GIs). Pharmacological treatment with 500 muM acetylcholine (ACh) increased neuronal activities of ascending interneurons with cell bodies located in the TAG. The effects of ACh antagonists on the activities of identified GIs were examined. The muscarinic ACh antagonist atropine at 3-mM concentration had no obvious effect on the activities of GIs 10-3, 10-2, or 9-3. On the other hand, a 3-mM concentration of the nicotinic ACh antagonist mecamylamine decreased spike firing of these interneurons. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal anti-conjugated acetylcholine antibody revealed the distribution of cholinergic neurons in the TAG. The cercal sensory afferent neurons running through the cercal nerve root showed cholinergic immunoreactivity, and the cholinergic immunoreactive region in the neuropil overlapped with the terminal arborizations of the cercal sensory afferent neurons. Cell bodies in the median region of the TAG also showed cholinergic immunoreactivity. This indicates that not only sensory afferent neurons but also other neurons that have cell bodies in the TAG could use ACh as a neurotransmitter.Oak Yono, Hitoshi Aonuma
1430 related Products with: Cholinergic neurotransmission from mechanosensory afferents to giant interneurons in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.
11 kit100 100 IU
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Circulating antibodies directed against tryptophan-like epitopes in sera of patients with human African trypanosomiasis.
Human African trypanosomiasis is often associated with an intense proliferation of B lymphocytes, leading to polyclonal antibody synthesis. Using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, we have found highly significant levels of circulating anti-conjugated tryptophan-like epitope antibodies in sera of patients with sleeping sickness. These antibodies were immunoglobulins (Ig) of the M isotype. There was no correlation between immunologic binding and the Ig levels found in sera of patients with human African trypanosomiasis. Higher antibody levels in stage II of the disease than in stage I may be related to damage to the central nervous system. The specificity of this immunologic binding was evaluated by 1) comparison with that obtained with other related conjugates and 2) serum titration. Anti-conjugated tryptophan-like epitope antibodies were not found in other neurologic diseases tested. Their involvement in this pathology remains unknown.M C Okomo-Assoumou, M Geffard, S Daulouede, C Chaugier, J L Lemesre, P Vincendeau
2098 related Products with: Circulating antibodies directed against tryptophan-like epitopes in sera of patients with human African trypanosomiasis.
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Monoclonal anti-conjugated acetylcholine antibody and immunohistochemical applications in rat nervous system.
Acetylcholine (ACh) conjugates were injected into AKR and DBA mice over a period of 10 weeks. The polyclonal antisera were tested at various immunization times for affinity and specificity using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The most immunoreactive compound was found to be choline-glutaryl-bovine serum albumin (or conjugated ACh). The AKR and DBA mice yielding the highest apparent affinity were killed, and the spleen cells were fused with X63 or SP2/O/Ag mouse myeloma cells. Supernatants of confluent cultures were tested for the presence of anti-conjugated ACh antibodies using the same ELISA method. The best results were obtained with the hybridomas from AKR spleen cells and X63 mouse myeloma cells. Monoclonal antibody affinity and specificity were then evaluated by a radioimmunological procedure using iodinated monoclonal anti-conjugated ACh antibody. From competition experiments, the most immunoreactive compound was choline-glutaryl-protein. The other related compounds were recognized either poorly or not at all. The high affinity and specificity of our monoclonal antibody enabled us to visualize ACh molecules on fixed rat brain sections. ACh was fixed with a mixture of nitrobenzyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde. Many ACh-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were seen on sections from the basal forebrain and spinal cord. Preadsorption and other immunohistochemical tests demonstrated that the ACh staining was highly specific.J L Chagnaud, M L Souan, M C Charrier, M Geffard
1363 related Products with: Monoclonal anti-conjugated acetylcholine antibody and immunohistochemical applications in rat nervous system.
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Monoclonal antibody directed against glutaraldehyde conjugated glutamate and immunocytochemical applications in the rat brain.
Like other small-sized neurotransmitter molecules, glutamate (Glu) was conjugated to carrier proteins via glutaraldehyde (G). Human serum albumin (HSA) and thyroglobulin (TH) conjugates were alternately injected into mice. When a relevant immune response was obtained for antibody affinity and specificity, hybridization of spleen activated lymphocytes with SP2/O/Ag myeloma cells was performed. Supernatant culture media of hybridomas were tested for the presence of anti-conjugated Glu antibodies with our ELISA method. Selected hybridomas giving good antibody affinity and specificity were then cloned by the limiting dilution technique. Using DEAE-chromatographed ascites fluid, Glu reactivity was observed on the cortex and the hippocampus. Staining obtained with this monoclonal antibody was in agreement with that observed with previous polyclonal antisera directed against conjugated Glu or monoclonal anti-gamma-glutamyl-Glu antibody.J L Chagnaud, G Campistron, M Geffard
2196 related Products with: Monoclonal antibody directed against glutaraldehyde conjugated glutamate and immunocytochemical applications in the rat brain.
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Monoclonal antibodies against glutaraldehyde-conjugated dopamine.
Four mice were immunized with dopamine (DA)-glutaraldehyde (G)--protein conjugates over a period of 8-10 weeks. Polyclonal antisera, obtained at various intervals, were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All had anti-conjugated DA antibodies. As soon as good antibody affinity was detected between 10(-10) and 10(-6) M, the mouse yielding the highest apparent affinity was killed, and the spleen was dissected out. Hybridomas were obtained from spleen cells fused with SP2/O/Ag myeloma cells. Supernatant culture media of hybridomas were tested for the presence of anti-conjugated DA antibodies with the ELISA method. Selected hybridomas giving good antibody affinity and specificity were then cloned by the limiting dilution technique. The resulting supernatant culture media were again tested by ELISA. Clones that gave a high antibody affinity (10(-10)-10(-8)M) for G-conjugated DA were used for histochemical localization of DA in rat brain. G-fixed rat brains were sectioned from the telencephalon to the mesencephalon, reduced with sodium borohydride, and prepared for peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry using supernatant (diluted 1:100) or ascites fluid (diluted 1:50,000). Dense networks of very fine fibers were observed in the striatum, septum, and cortex. Numerous immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra, the hypothalamus, and the dorsal raphe. The ELISA tests and adsorption controls suggested that the monoclonal antibody allowed highly specific detection of DA in tissues.J L Chagnaud, N Mons, S Tuffet, X Grandier-Vazeilles, M Geffard