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Search results for: Rabbit Anti-Human Androgen Receptor Antibodies

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#21497463   2011/03/23 To Up

Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta and androgen receptor in the pre-, peri- and post-pubertal stallion testis.

In various species, androgens and estrogens regulate the function of testicular Leydig, Sertoli, peritubular myoid, and germ cells by binding to their respective receptors and eliciting a cellular response. Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, Leydig cells and perivascular smooth muscle cells in the testis depending on the species, but its presence in germ cells remains controversial. Two different estrogen receptors have been identified, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and their localization and function in testicular cells varies depending on the species, developmental stage of the cell and type of receptor. The localization of AR in an immature and mature stallion has been reported but estrogen receptors have only been reported for the mature stallion. In the present study, the localizations of AR and ERα/ERβ were investigated in pre-pubertal, peri-pubertal and post-pubertal stallions. Testes were collected by routine castration from 21 horses, of light horse breeds (3 months-27 years). Animals were divided into the following age groups: pre-pubertal (3-11 months; n=7), peri-pubertal (12-23 months; n=7) and post-pubertal (2-27 years; n=7). Testicular tissue samples were fixed and embedded, and the presence of AR, ERα and ERβ was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using procedures previously validated for the horse. Primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-human AR, mouse anti-human ERβ and rabbit anti-mouse ERα. Sections of each region were incubated with normal rabbit serum (NRS; AR and ERα) or mouse IgG (ERβ) instead of primary antibody to generate negative controls. Androgen receptors were localized in Leydig, Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells of all ages. Estrogen receptor alpha was localized in Leydig and germ cells of all ages but only in pre- and peri-pubertal Sertoli cells and post-pubertal peritubular myoid cells. Estrogen receptor beta was localized in Leydig and Sertoli cells of all ages but in only pre-pubertal germ cells and absent in peritubular myoid cells of all ages. Taken together, the data suggest that estrogen regulates steroidogenesis by acting through ERα and ERβ in the Leydig cells and promotes gametogenesis by acting through ERβ in the Sertoli cells and ERα in the germ cells. In contrast androgen receptors are not found in germ cells throughout development and thus are likely to support spermatogenesis by way of a paracrine/autocrine pathway via its receptors in Leydig, Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells.
Christopher A Pearl, Holly Mason, Janet F Roser

1046 related Products with: Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta and androgen receptor in the pre-, peri- and post-pubertal stallion testis.

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#9688941   // To Up

Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein in fetal rat lung in vivo: modulation by glucocorticoid and androgen.

Pulmonary glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is essential to timely preparation for the onset of breathing air at birth. We have previously used primary culture of late-gestation fetal rat lung cells to demonstrate differential regulation of GR by glucocorticoid depending on cell type. In this study, we hypothesized that the action of glucocorticoid on GR mRNA expression and protein elaboration in lung cells might be modulated by interactions present in vivo but not in primary culture. Given that male sex hormone (androgen) has an inhibitory effect on antenatal lung development, we also postulated that androgen would decrease antenatal lung GR. We report that antenatal maternal injection of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) enhanced fetal lung cellular levels of GR mRNA and protein as assessed by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry (ICC), respectively. ICC was performed using polyclonal rabbit anti-human antibody that reacts with rat GR whether bound to ligand or not and does not interfere with GR binding to DNA. Levels of GR mRNA and protein were enhanced in cells throughout all areas of the lung tissue, suggesting that interactions occurring in intact tissue may override the previously reported direct inhibition by glucocorticoid of GR protein elaboration in isolated fetal rat lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, antenatal administration of the androgen 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (0.2 mg/kg) reduced tissue levels of GR mRNA and protein, consistent with androgenic inhibition of antenatal lung development by decreasing GR. We conclude that glucocorticoids and androgens exert opposite effects on fetal lung GR.
N B Sweezey, F Ghibu, S Gagnon, E Schotman, Q Hamid

1156 related Products with: Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein in fetal rat lung in vivo: modulation by glucocorticoid and androgen.

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#9489777   // To Up

Regulation of androgen and estrogen receptors in male excurrent ducts of the goat: an immunohistochemical study.

Since androgens and/or estrogens must bind with specific receptors in order to elicit a response at the target organ(s), it is important to understand factors that regulate expression of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER). Hence, the objective of the study is to determine the relative significance between circulating androgen (CA) and luminal androgen (LA) in maintaining normal expression of AR and ER in male excurrent ducts.
H O Goyal, F F Bartol, A A Wiley, M K Khalil, C S Williams, M M Vig

2625 related Products with: Regulation of androgen and estrogen receptors in male excurrent ducts of the goat: an immunohistochemical study.

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#9294649   // To Up

Immunolocalization of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in the developing testis and excurrent ducts of goats.

Because of the significance of androgens and estrogens in prenatal and postanatal differentiation of the testis and excurrent ducts, it is important to understand the developmental pattern of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in these organs.
H O Goyal, F F Bartol, A A Wiley, M K Khalil, J Chiu, M M Vig

2677 related Products with: Immunolocalization of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in the developing testis and excurrent ducts of goats.

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#9135566   // To Up

Ontogeny of anti-müllerian hormone, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and androgen receptor expression during ovine total gonadal development.

Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and androgenic steroids are key factors regulating the masculinisation of the internal and external genitalia during fetal development. AMH is produced in Sertoli cells and causes regression of the müllerian ducts in the male. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) is one of the key steroidogenic enzymes regulating testosterone production in Leydig cells. The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the development of the ovine fetal testes by identifying the spatio-temporal expression of AMH, 3 beta-HSD and androgen receptor expression within them. Fetuses from days 30 and 40 of gestation were fixed intact, while the gonads were dissected from the fetuses on days 70, 100 and 130 of gestation. Tissue was fixed in Bouin's fixative for 6 h, processed into paraffin wax and sections immunostained using rabbit anti-human AMH, 3 beta-HSD or androgen receptor antibodies. While seminiferous cords were absent on day 30 of gestation, pre-cord organisation was apparent and the gonad could be clearly distinguished from surrounding tissue by the presence of AMH and 3 beta-HSD immunopositive cells. Androgen receptor expression was not apparent at this stage. By day 40 of gestation the testis was organised into distinct seminiferous cords and intense immunostaining for AMH and 3 beta-HSD was present in Sertoli cells within the cords and Leydig cells in the interstitium respectively. Androgen receptor immunopositive cells were present in the interstititum but cells destined to develop into rete testis were immunonegative. By day 70 of gestation, the rete testis was organised in the centre of the testis and was strongly androgen receptor immunopositive. AMH and 3 beta-HSD expression was present in Sertoli and Leydig cells respectively. The expression of AMH, 3 beta-HSD and androgen receptor in the 100 and 130 day gestation fetuses was similar to that identified in the 70 day fetuses. In conclusion, Sertoli and Leydig precursor cells are present in the gonad prior to seminiferous cord formation and contain AMH and 3 beta-HSD at all stages of gestation examined. While androgen receptor immunoexpression was present in nuclei of interstitial cells from day 40 of gestation and in the rete testis from day 70 of gestation, Sertoli cells were immunonegative for androgen receptor at all of the stages examined.
T Sweeney, P T Saunders, M R Millar, A N Brooks

2291 related Products with: Ontogeny of anti-müllerian hormone, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and androgen receptor expression during ovine total gonadal development.

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#9002637   // To Up

Immunolocalization of receptors for androgen and estrogen in male caprine reproductive tissues: unique distribution of estrogen receptors in efferent ductule epithelium.

Androgens and estrogens affect physiological processes in the testis and male excurrent duct system. This study was designed to identify and characterize distribution of androgen receptors (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER) in the reproductive organs of the male goat. Tissues, including testis, efferent ductules, epididymis (regions I-V), and ductus deferens, were obtained from five mature Nubian goats, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraplast. Antigenic sites for AR were unmasked by microwave treatment (four times, 5 min each) of tissue sections immersed in 10 mM citrate (pH 6) and were detected using the PG-21 rabbit anti-rat/human antibody. Antigenic sites for ER were identified using the H-222 rat anti-human monoclonal antibody after tissue sections were treated with pronase (0.5 mg/ml, 37 degrees C, 8 min). Avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase procedures were used to identify positive immunoreactivity. Irrelevant IgG was substituted for primary antibody in negative controls. Positive nuclear immunostaining for AR was observed in all types of epithelial cells, peritubular smooth muscle cells, and intertubular fibroblasts of the intratesticular rete, efferent ductules, epididymis (regions I-V), and ductus deferens, as well as in Sertoli, Leydig, and peritubular myoid cells and intertubular fibroblasts of the testis. In contrast, nuclear immunostaining for ER was confined to nonciliated cells of the efferent ductules. Thus, AR-positive cells are ubiquitously distributed in caprine testicular and excurrent ductular tissues, and ER-positive cells are unique to the efferent ductules. The caprine model should be useful in studies designed to determine mechanisms through which androgens and estrogens regulate development and function of the testes and excurrent ducts.
H O Goyal, F F Bartol, A A Wiley, C W Neff

1609 related Products with: Immunolocalization of receptors for androgen and estrogen in male caprine reproductive tissues: unique distribution of estrogen receptors in efferent ductule epithelium.

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