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#39497181   2024/11/04 To Up

Shifts in the spatiotemporal profile of inflammatory phenotypes of innate immune cells in the rat brain following acute intoxication with the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate.

Acute intoxication with cholinesterase inhibiting organophosphates (OP) can produce life-threatening cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE). Survivors often develop long-term neurological consequences, including spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and impaired cognition. Numerous studies implicate OP-induced neuroinflammation as a pathogenic mechanism contributing to these chronic sequelae; however, little is known about the inflammatory phenotype of innate immune cells in the brain following acute OP intoxication. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the natural history of microglial and astrocytic inflammatory phenotypes following acute intoxication with the OP, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a single dose of DFP (4 mg/kg, sc) followed by standard medical countermeasures. Within minutes, animals developed benzodiazepine-resistant SE as determined by monitoring seizures using a modified Racine scale. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d post-exposure (DPE), neuroinflammation was assessed using translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In both sexes, we observed consistently elevated radiotracer uptake across all examined brain regions and time points. A separate group of animals was euthanized at these same time points to collect tissues for immunohistochemical analyses. Colocalization of IBA-1, a marker for microglia, with iNOS or Arg1 was used to identify pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia, respectively; colocalization of GFAP, a marker for astrocytes, with C3 or S100A10, pro- and anti-inflammatory astrocytes, respectively. We observed shifts in the inflammatory profiles of microglia and astrocyte populations during the first month post-intoxication, largely in hyperintense inflammatory lesions in the piriform cortex and amygdala regions. In these areas, iNOS proinflammatory microglial cell density peaked at 3 and 7 DPE, while anti-inflammatory Arg1 microglia cell density peaked at 14 DPE. Pro- and anti-inflammatory astrocytes emerged within 7 DPE, and roughly equal ratios of C3 pro-inflammatory and S100A10 anti-inflammatory astrocytes persisted at 28 DPE. In summary, microglia and astrocytes adopted mixed inflammatory phenotypes post-OP intoxication, which evolved over one month post exposure. These activated cell populations were most prominent in the piriform and amygdala areas and were more abundant in males compared to females. The temporal relationship between microglial and astrocytic responses suggests that initial microglial activity may influence delayed, persistent astrocytic responses. Further, our findings identify putative windows for inhibition of OP-induced neuroinflammatory responses in both sexes to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of anti-inflammation in this context.
Peter M Andrew, Jeremy A MacMahon, Pedro N Bernardino, Yi-Hua Tsai, Brad A Hobson, Valerie A Porter, Sydney L Huddleston, Audrey S Luo, Donald A Bruun, Naomi H Saito, Danielle J Harvey, Amy Brooks-Kayal, Abhijit J Chaudhari, Pamela J Lein

2827 related Products with: Shifts in the spatiotemporal profile of inflammatory phenotypes of innate immune cells in the rat brain following acute intoxication with the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate.

1200 units

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#39492680   2024/11/04 To Up

Primary intracranial dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An extremely rare site with unusual histopathological findings.

Primary intracranial sarcomas constitute a rare group of tumors, with the most common types described in the literature being chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is a high-grade sarcoma that sometimes metastasizes to the brain. However, a primary intracranial DDLS is exceedingly rare. A 45-year-old patient from the Middle East came to India for treatment. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed a space-occupying lesion at the level of the lateral ventricle T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity with peripheral edema. A T1 perfusion map showed high relative cerebral blood volume values in the peripheral part, suggesting a high-grade neoplasm. Gross total resection was performed, and histopathology showed a high-grade tumor composed of sheets of pleomorphic lipoblasts and epithelioid tumor cells arranged in nests and cords. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse immunopositivity for MDM2, CDK4, and p16, while GFAP and OLIG2 were negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed MDM2 amplification. Final diagnosis of DDLS was rendered. The patient had no systemic lesions elsewhere on positron emission tomography computed tomography scan.
Sumanta Das, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Jayati Sarangi, Priti Jain, Ramana Gogi, Rana Patir, Sunita Ahlawat

1493 related Products with: Primary intracranial dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An extremely rare site with unusual histopathological findings.

100ug100ug 125 ml 100ug100ug100ul100ug 100ul100 100ug100 100ug

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#39492623   2024/11/04 To Up

Solitary subependymal giant cell astrocytoma lacking TSC1/2 mutations and TTF-1 expression: A potential diagnostic pitfall.

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a rare, low-grade glioma typically associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS) and mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. It is characterized by an intraventricular location, an expansive growth pattern, and the expression of glial and neural markers. TTF-1 expression is considered a sensitive marker of SEGA, likely reflecting its origin from progenitor cells in the caudothalamic groove. We report a case of SEGA with unusual immunohistochemical and molecular features in a 20-year-old man with no signs or family history of TS. The tumor was located in the anterior horn of the right ventricle and obstructed the foramen of Monro. Histologically, it exhibited an expansive growth pattern and was composed of cells with ovoid nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for GFAP and S-100 protein, weakly positive for SOX2, focally positive for synaptophysin, and negative for TTF-1, neurofilament protein, NeuN, EMA, chromogranin, and BCOR. Scattered OLIG2-positive neoplastic cells were also observed. Molecular analysis revealed no pathogenic mutations or copy number variations in the analyzed 174 genes, including TSC1/2, except for a variant of unknown significance in BAP1. The histopathological features and immunohistochemical profile suggested SEGA, despite the absence of TTF-1 expression and TSC1/2 mutations. The diagnosis was confirmed by DNA methylation profiling, which assigned the tumor to the methylation class "subependymal giant cell astrocytoma with TSC1/TSC2 alterations" with a calibrated score of 0.95. This case highlights the potential diagnostic pitfall of SEGA lacking TTF-1 expression and emphasizes the importance of considering this entity in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular tumors, even in the absence of TS and characteristic molecular alterations. The existence of TTF-1 negative SEGAs reveals that these tumors might also derive from TTF-1 negative cells in the subpendymal region.
Davide Mulone, Andrea Mafficini, Evelina Miele, Francesco Sala, Valeria Barresi

1319 related Products with: Solitary subependymal giant cell astrocytoma lacking TSC1/2 mutations and TTF-1 expression: A potential diagnostic pitfall.

100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized100ug 100ul100ug100ug100ug Lyophilized1000 tests100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized100ug50 mg

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#39491127   2023/10/27 To Up

Hydralazine alleviates noise-induced hearing loss by scavenging acrolein.

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most common cause of hearing loss. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of the acrolein scavenger hydralazine for NIHL in rats. NIHL was induced by exposure to a continuous pure tone of 10 kHz. Auditory function was evaluated by auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing and scanning electron microscopy. The expression of acrolein and glial cell markers GFAP and OX42 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. The protein and mRNA expression of GFAP, OX42, interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1β, and fractalkine (FTK) was measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. A rat model of NIHL was successfully developed, as evidenced by increased ABR thresholds. The results showed that noise exposure increased the expression of acrolein, GFAP, OX42, FTK, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the rat cochlear nucleus. Furthermore, hydralazine alleviates NIHL by reversing the effects of acrolein. These results demonstrate that acrolein is involved in glial cell activation and NIHL, it's also a therapeutic potential target for NIHL.
Chaoyong Tian, Yao Li, Yang Yang, Juan Qu, Dingjun Zha

1101 related Products with: Hydralazine alleviates noise-induced hearing loss by scavenging acrolein.

50 ul1 mg 100 G 100ul100 μl5 mg5ug1 ml2ug100ug1 g

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#39490711   2024/10/25 To Up

Qisheng wan decoction alleviates the inflammation of CCI rats via TRP channels.

Qisheng wan decoction (QWD), a traditional Chinese medicine, has promising potential anti-inflammatory effects against neuropathic pain (NP). However, its valid ingredients and specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms are still unclear.
Guihua Wei, Chunxiao Xiang, Haoyan Wang, Xi Li, Yating Wu, Zaiqi Li, Zhiyong Yan

2534 related Products with: Qisheng wan decoction alleviates the inflammation of CCI rats via TRP channels.

100ug/vial100 100 per bag, 10 bags per1 kit100 ug/vial 100ul4 Sample Kit1000pcs100 ug/vial

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#39489797   2024/11/03 To Up

The utilization of cytology for intraoperative diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

To investigate the diagnostic value of intraoperative cytology and rapid immunocytochemistry in primary central nervous system lymphoma. 254 cases of lymphoma and 82 cases of non-lymphoma were collected from 2010 to 2023. Frozen section(FS) was using alone in 44 cases during 2010-2014, FS and intraoperative cytology(IC) were using in 251 cases during 2015 to 2022. Rapid immunocytochemical(RICC, CD20, GFAP) were using with FS + IC in 41 cases during 2021 to 2023. Method One: According to the results of archives, statistic the diagnostic accuracy of lymphoma during three time periods. Method Two: All cases were randomly renumbered, 4 neuropathologists compared the accuracy of independent histology and that of combining cytology. The archives showed the diagnostic accuracy of FS in PCNSL was 77.27%, FS + IC was 86.06%, FS + IC + RICC was 92.68%. The retrospective study demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy of FS was 79.76%, FS + IC was 87.33% and FS + IC + RICC was 92.68%. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CD20 were 100%, 76.92%, 90.32%, 100% and 92.68%, respectively. The results of the paired χ test was no statistically significant difference (0.05 < P < 0.1) between FS + IC + RICC and immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnosis of paraffin sections. The integration of IC + RICC + FS diagnosis can significantly enhance the intraoperative diagnostic accuracy of PCNSL and rectify potential errors that may occurred when relying solely on FS diagnosis.
Liwen Hu, Jianqing Tang, Xiaoli Su, Limei Zheng, Chengcong Hu, Qiulin Wu, Xuefang Lin, Saifan Zeng, Yupeng Chen, Sheng Zhang, Xingfu Wang

2874 related Products with: The utilization of cytology for intraoperative diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

50 UG 50 UG100ug 5 G100ug100ug100

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#39489014   2024/11/01 To Up

Sensitivity evaluation of an optical microfiber featuring interfaces with various gold nanoparticle morphologies: Application to the GFAP detection.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a specific blood biomarker for various neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we present a cost-effective, portable, and label-free biosensing method for the sensitive and rapid detection of GFAP in body fluids. As the sensitivity of current optical fiber sensors is insufficient to detect the ultralow concentration of GFAP in early body fluids, interfaces of gold nanoparticles with various morphologies were employed to improve the sensitivity of sensor. The optical microfiber sensor with gold nanostar interface demonstrated superior evanescent field enhancement compared to other gold interfaces, thereby enabling the optical microfiber sensor with gold nanostar interface to exhibit higher sensitivity. This sensor detected GFAP at concentrations ranging from 1 aM to 0.1 nM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 aM in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, being capable of detecting GFAP molecules at the single-molecule level. The compactness, portability, and high selectivity of the biosensor allow for its use in detecting GFAP in body fluids, such as serum and artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with LODs of 0.21 aM and 0.1 aM, respectively. This study introduces a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of TBI. The ultra-sensitive detection of GFAP in serum provides information on the severity of TBI in addition to imaging techniques.
Aoxiang Xiao, Xiaolan Wu, Jiaying Zheng, Yunyun Huang, Anding Xu, Bai-Ou Guan

1866 related Products with: Sensitivity evaluation of an optical microfiber featuring interfaces with various gold nanoparticle morphologies: Application to the GFAP detection.

50ul 100ul 100ul100ug Lyophilized 100ul100ug0.1ml (1.3mg/ml)100ug Lyophilized

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#39484182   2024/10/17 To Up

Olig2+/NG2+/BLBP+ astrocyte progenitors: a novel component of the neurovascular unit in the developing mouse hippocampus.

Astrocytes are key components of the neurovascular unit. While we have recently identified Olig2+ astrocyte progenitors (ASPs) in the developing mouse dentate gyrus (DG), their molecular signature remains incompletely characterized. Here we demonstrate that Olig2+ ASPs predominantly express brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), while only a small population of them expresses -GFP. These Olig2+/BLBP+ ASPs co-express the transcription factors Sox3, Sox9 and the proteoglycan NG2 but not Sox10, a marker for oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs). Olig2+ ASPs appear from embryonic day 18 (E18) onwards and decline at postnatal day 14 (P14). Consistent with the proliferation of both Olig2+ and NG2+ glial cells after brain injury, intrauterine intermittent hypoxia (IH) led to an increase in Olig2+/NG2+/BLBP+ ASPs in the postnatal DG. IH also promoted both angiogenesis and vascular coupling of Olig2+/NG2+ ASPs. Our data suggest that IH-induced expression of HIF1a increases Olig2+/NG2+/BLBP+ ASPs in a cell non-autonomous manner. Our data also revealed increased vascular coupling of GFAP+ astrocytes following IH, while the number of GFAP+ astrocytes remains unchanged. Given that BLBP, Olig2 and NG2 are expressed in reactive astrocytes, our findings suggest that Olig2+/NG2+/BLBP+ ASPs represent a subtype of reactive astrocyte progenitors. Furthermore, the enhanced vascular coupling of Olig2+/NG2+/BLBP+ ASPs appears to be an adaptive response to hypoxic brain injury. This study provides new insights into the molecular characteristics of Olig2+/NG2+/BLBP+ ASPs and their potential role in the brain's response to hypoxic injury, contributing to our understanding of neurovascular unit dynamics in both development and pathological conditions.
Shoichiro Omura, Rina Ogawa, Tomomi Kawachi, Aya Ogawa, Yuuki Arai, Natsumi Takayama, Aki Masui, Kumiko Kondo, Hiroki Sugimoto, Hiroshi M Shinohara, Tokiharu Takahashi, Hideyuki Maeda, Kyoji Ohyama

2095 related Products with: Olig2+/NG2+/BLBP+ astrocyte progenitors: a novel component of the neurovascular unit in the developing mouse hippocampus.

100 100 ul150 ul

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#39486269   2024/10/10 To Up

Longitudinal analysis of astrocyte-derived protein levels in the blood of drug-naive and relapsed patients with schizophrenia.

The potential influence of astrocytes on neuronal circuitry and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia have recently been highlighted. Human postmortem studies have observed reduced astrocyte numbers in schizophrenia, but whether this pathology is present at disease onset or accumulates progressively with further psychotic episodes remains unclear. Therefore, we analysed serum levels of the astrocyte-derived proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) in acutely ill first-episode (n = 60) and relapsed (n = 34) schizophrenia patients compared to 94 matched controls. Measurements were taken before and 6 weeks after antipsychotic treatment. We found significantly lower levels of GFAP (p < 0.001) and FABP7 (p < 0.001) in patients compared to controls, with no significant differences between first-episode and relapsed patients or changes after treatment. FABP7 negatively correlated with age in controls (r = -0.319, p = 0.002), but not in patients (r = -0.251, p = 0.015). In contrast, GFAP showed no correlation with age. Our findings suggest that lowered GFAP and FABP7 may serve as trait markers of astrocyte pathology in schizophrenia, even prior to antipsychotic treatment. The absent correlation between FABP7 and age in schizophrenia patients, in contrast to controls, may be related to premature brain aging in schizophrenia. Long-term studies are needed to explore the relationship between chronic disease and astrocyte pathology in schizophrenia.
Kaushiki Mukherjee, Paul C Guest, Kolja Schiltz, Gabriela Meyer-Lotz, Henrik Dobrowolny, Katrin Borucki, Hans-Gert Bernstein, Thomas Nickl-Jockschat, Borna Relja, Johann Steiner

1474 related Products with: Longitudinal analysis of astrocyte-derived protein levels in the blood of drug-naive and relapsed patients with schizophrenia.

96 tests100 U2100ug Lyophilized1 Set1 Set1 Set1 Set100 µg1 Set1 mg100.00 ug

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#39486078   2024/11/01 To Up

Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid markers as indicators of spinal cord ischemia following an endovascular aortic aneurysm repair procedure.

Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) remains one of the most devastating complications in both open and endovascular stent graft repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) can be either thoracic (TEVAR) when it targets the thoracic aortic aneurysm or fenestrated branched when repair involves the visceral and/or renal arteries. Even though EVAR interventions are less invasive than open repair, they are still associated with a significant risk of SCI. The current primary strategy to prevent SCI after TEVAR is to increase and/or maintain spinal cord perfusion pressure (blood flow) by increasing the mean arterial pressure while simultaneously draining CSF. Although the benefit of CSF drainage in EVAR procedures remains uncertain, it provides an opportunity to study the changes in cytokine and oxidative stress markers that may signal the pathophysiology of SCI following EVAR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal relationship between stent deployment and CSF cytokine and oxidative stress marker levels as predictors of delayed SCI in patients undergoing an EVAR procedure.
Camelia A Danilov, James Y H Yu, Marvin Gong, Sukgu M Han, Fernando Fleischman, Gregory A Magee, Fred Weaver, Axel H Schönthal, Thomas C Chen

2894 related Products with: Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid markers as indicators of spinal cord ischemia following an endovascular aortic aneurysm repair procedure.

100 ul100 ul100 ul100μl100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized1000 assays20 mg100ug

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