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#38498536   2024/02/15 To Up

Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Silicon-Mediated Resistance in Maize against Maydis Leaf Blight.

Maydis leaf blight (MLB), caused by the necrotrophic fungus , has caused considerable yield losses in maize production. The hypothesis that maize plants with higher foliar silicon (Si) concentration can be more resistant against MLB was investigated in this study. This goal was achieved through an in-depth analysis of the photosynthetic apparatus (parameters of leaf gas exchange chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments) changes in activities of defense and antioxidative enzymes in leaves of maize plants with (+Si; 2 mM) and without (-Si; 0 mM) Si supplied, as well as challenged and not with . The +Si plants showed reduced MLB symptoms (smaller lesions and lower disease severity) due to higher foliar Si concentration and less production of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and radical anion superoxide compared to -Si plants. Higher values for leaf gas exchange (rate of net CO assimilation, stomatal conductance to water vapor, and transpiration rate) and Chl fluorescence (variable-to-maximum Chl fluorescence ratio, photochemical yield, and yield for dissipation by downregulation) parameters along with preserved pool of chlorophyll + and carotenoids were noticed for infected +Si plants compared to infected -Si plants. Activities of defense (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase) and antioxidative (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) enzymes were higher for infected +Si plants compared to infected -Si plants. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of using Si to boost maize resistance against MLB considering the more operative defense reactions and the robustness of the antioxidative metabolism of plants along with the preservation of their photosynthetic apparatus.
Luis Felipe Lata-Tenesaca, Marcos José Barbosa Oliveira, Aline Vieira Barros, Bárbara Bezerra Menezes Picanço, Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues

1059 related Products with: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Silicon-Mediated Resistance in Maize against Maydis Leaf Blight.

1 Set100ug Lyophilized500 10100 μg100.00 ug100 μg100 μg

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#38498429   2024/02/06 To Up

a Native High-Andean Species, as a Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation of Cd and Hg.

This study highlights , a native high-Andean species, as a potential candidate for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with Cd and Hg. In this work, a semi-hydronic assay with different doses of Cd (3, 4.5, and 6 mg L) and Hg (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mg L) was analysed to evaluate the establishment of plants, antioxidant defence systems, oxidative stress, and the ability to accumulate heavy metals. The results indicate high survival rates (>80%); however, Cd significantly reduced shoot and root biomass, while Hg increased root biomass with the 1.6 mg L treatment. Cd and Hg tend to accumulate more in roots (2534.24 µg/g and 596.4 µg g, respectively) compared to shoots (398.53 µg g and 140.8 µg g, respectively). A significant decrease in the bioconcentration factor of Cd and Hg in roots was observed as metal levels increased, reaching the maximum value at 3 mg L (805.59 ± 54.38) and 0.8 mg L (804.54 ± 38.09). The translocation factor, <1 for both metals, suggests that translocation from roots to shoots is limited. An overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed, causing lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to plant membranes. Tolerance strategies against subsequent toxicity indicate that enhanced glutathione reductase (GR) activity and glutathione (GSH) accumulation modulate Cd and Hg accumulation, toxicity, and tolerance.
Victoria Parera, M Verónica Pérez-Chaca, Laura V Gallardo, Camila V Gatica-Aguilar, Carlos A Parera, Gabriela E Feresin

2461 related Products with: a Native High-Andean Species, as a Potential Candidate for Phytoremediation of Cd and Hg.

25 µg25 µg0.1 mg100 TESTS0.1 mg50ul50 ug 100ul50 ug 100ul

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#38485101   2024/03/12 To Up

A Meta-analysis of Potential Biomarkers Associated with Microplastic Ingestion in Marine Fish.

Over the past decade, global reports have shown a rise in the harmful effects of microplastics (MPs) on marine fish. This study analysed marine species' biochemical biomarker responses to microplastic exposure, finding that MPs can induce oxidative stress in marine fish through meta-regression results. Overall, exposure to MPs resulted in the activation of antioxidant defence mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase, detoxification enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase, the detection of malondialdehyde, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, results highlight oxidative stress biomarkers were activated in wild species that had ingested MPs, indicating potential harm to marine fish, as confirmed in experimental studies. Furthermore, even though MPs' exposure is better regulated in an experimental setting, it is challenging to replicate actual exposure and environmental factors. The study's findings show the need for more investigation into the hazardous consequences of exposure to environmental MPs on species surveyed in the maritime environment.
Montserrat Compa, Xavier Capó, Carme Alomar, Salud Deudero, Antoni Sureda

2558 related Products with: A Meta-analysis of Potential Biomarkers Associated with Microplastic Ingestion in Marine Fish.

100ug100 μg100ug Lyophilized100 μg100ug Lyophilized100 μg1 Set100ug1 Set1 Set100

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#38473948   2024/02/26 To Up

Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis of the Effects of Exogenous Phloretin and Pterostilbene on Resistance Responses of against Anthracnose.

Anthracnose caused by is a destructive disease of (stylo). Combination treatment of phloretin and pterostilbene (PP) has been previously shown to effectively inhibit the conidial germination and mycelial growth of in vitro. In this study, the effects of PP treatment on the growth of in vivo and the biocontrol mechanisms were investigated. We found that exogenous PP treatment could limit the growth of and alleviate the damage of anthracnose in stylo. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that 565 genes were up-regulated and 239 genes were down-regulated upon PP treatment during the infection by . The differentially expressed genes were mainly related to oxidative stress and chloroplast organization. Further physiological analysis revealed that application of PP after inoculation significantly reduced the accumulation of O level and increased the accumulation of antioxidants (glutathione, ascorbic acid and flavonoids) as well as the enzyme activity of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. PP also reduced the decline of chlorophyll a + b and increased the content of carotenoid in response to infection. These results suggest that PP treatment alleviates anthracnose by improving antioxidant capacity and reducing the damage of chloroplasts, providing insights into the biocontrol mechanisms of PP on the stylo against anthracnose.
Shizi Zhang, Yunfeng Xu, Fang Wang, Liyun Yang, Lijuan Luo, Lingyan Jiang

2624 related Products with: Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis of the Effects of Exogenous Phloretin and Pterostilbene on Resistance Responses of against Anthracnose.

5 G1000 tests100ug100ug10 mg10 mg100ul500 mg25 mg 5 G100ul 5 G

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#38441878   2024/03/05 To Up

Glutathione Transferase Omega 1 Localization in Oral Tissues and Interactions with Food Phytochemicals.

Glutathione transferases are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes with both glutathione-conjugation and ligandin roles. GSTs are present in chemosensory tissues and fluids of the nasal/oral cavities where they protect tissues from exogenous compounds, including food molecules. In the present study, we explored the presence of the omega-class glutathione transferase (GSTO1) in the rat oral cavity. Using immunohistochemistry, GSTO1 expression was found in taste bud cells of the tongue epithelium and buccal cells of the oral epithelium. Buccal and lingual extracts exhibited thiol-transferase activity (4.9 ± 0.1 and 1.8 ± 0.1 μM/s/mg, respectively). A slight reduction from 4.9 ± 0.1 to 4.2 ± 0.1 μM/s/mg ( < 0.05; Student's test) was observed in the buccal extract with 100 μM GSTO1-IN-1, a specific inhibitor of GSTO1. RnGSTO1 exhibited the usual activities of omega GSTs, .., thiol-transferase (catalytic efficiency of 8.9 × 10 M·s), and phenacyl-glutathione reductase (catalytic efficiency of 8.9 × 10 M·s) activities, similar to human GSTO1. RnGSTO1 interacts with food phytochemicals, including bitter compounds such as luteolin (K = 3.3 ± 1.9 μM). Crystal structure analysis suggests that luteolin most probably binds to RnGSTO1 ligandin site. Our results suggest that GSTO1 could interact with food phytochemicals in the oral cavity.
Nicolas Poirier, Franck Ménétrier, Jade Moreno, Valentin Boichot, Jean-Marie Heydel, Claude Didierjean, Marie-Chantal Canivenc-Lavier, Francis Canon, Fabrice Neiers, Mathieu Schwartz

2240 related Products with: Glutathione Transferase Omega 1 Localization in Oral Tissues and Interactions with Food Phytochemicals.

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#38428309   2024/02/29 To Up

Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet.

Obesity is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases. However, pre-menopausal females are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its adverse effects. The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, promotes short-term obesity-associated liver disease only in male mice but not in females. Therefore, the current study investigated the metabolic and pathophysiological effects of a long-term 52-week HFD in female wild-type (WT) and PXR-KO mice and characterized the PXR-dependent molecular pathways involved. After 52 weeks of HFD ingestion, the body and liver weights and several markers of hepatotoxicity were significantly higher in WT mice than in their PXR-KO counterparts. The HFD-induced liver injury in WT female mice was also associated with upregulation of the hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg), its target genes, fat-specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and the liver-specific Fsp27b involved in lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Notably, PXR-KO mice displayed elevated hepatic Cyp2a5 (anti-obesity gene), aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7), glutathione-S-transferase M3 (Gstm3) (antioxidant gene), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels, contributing to protection against long-term HFD-induced obesity and inflammation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a general blunting of the transcriptomic response to HFD in PXR-KO compared to WT mice. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated enrichment by HFD for several pathways, including oxidative stress and redox pathway, cholesterol biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in WT but not PXR-KO mice. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which PXR deficiency protects against long-term HFD-induced severe obesity and its adverse effects in female mice.
Lidya H Gebreyesus, Sora Choi, Prince Neequaye, Mattia Mahmoud, Mia Mahmoud, Malvin Ofosu-Boateng, Elizabeth Twum, Daniel O Nnamani, Lijin Wang, Nour Yadak, Sujoy Ghosh, Frank J Gonzalez, Maxwell A Gyamfi

2625 related Products with: Pregnane X receptor knockout mitigates weight gain and hepatic metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 J mice on a long-term high-fat diet.

0.1 mg100 μg100ug100 μg100 μg100 μg 100ul96T1 Set100ug Lyophilized0.1 ml100 μg

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#38414201   2024/02/27 To Up

Diet with optimal glutathione supplement improves growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant ability in Micropterus salmoides.

In this study, Micropterus salmoides were fed with dietary glutathione (GSH, 0, 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for 56 days to investigate its effects on growth performance, serum nonspecific immunity, liver antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology, and intestinal microbiota. The results showed that the survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate and condition factor increased, whereas the feed conversion ratio, hepato-somatic index, and viscerosomatic index decreased in the GSH groups. Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content significantly increased, whereas the triglyceride and total cholesterol significantly decreased in the 300-mg/kg dietary GSH group. The activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were significantly higher in GSH-supplemented groups, peaking at 300-mg/kg GSH. GSH supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde content, with the most pronounced effects at 300-mg/kg GSH. Further antioxidant indicators showed that a dietary supplement of 300-mg/kg GSH significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, endogenous glutathione, glutathione reductase, and catalase. At 300-mg/kg GSH, the liver exhibited improved characteristics with alleviated vacuolation and hepatocyte nuclear shift, and intestine showed enhanced structure with increased villus height and intestinal wall thickness. Additionally, a 300-mg/kg GSH supplementation improved the diversity of intestinal microbiota, increased the abundance of probiotics such as Bacillus, and inhibited the development of pathogenic bacteria such as Plesiomonas. Overall, the results suggest that the effect of GSH addition on improving growth performance, nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of M. salmoides is best in the 300-mg/kg addition group. Based on second-degree polynomial regression analysis of weight gain, the optimum requirement of dietary GSH in M. salmoides is a 336.84-mg/kg diet.
Chuanyu Xiong, Yuyu Chi, Bei Wang, Jianhua Yi, Yongyao Yu, Yun Li, Hua Ye, Jiyuan Yin, Ronghua Wu

2947 related Products with: Diet with optimal glutathione supplement improves growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant ability in Micropterus salmoides.

100ug100.00 ug0.1 mg100ug0.1ml (1mg/ml)200 100ug Lyophilized25.00 ml1 kit(96 Wells)100ul2 Pieces/Box100ug

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#38410884   2024/02/27 To Up

EGG WHITE HYDROLYSATE PROTECTS WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE AGAINST METABOLIC INSULT IN DOCA-SALT RATS.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) to protect white adipose tissue damage from cardiometabolic changes induced by severe hypertension. Male Wistar rats were uninephrectomized and divided: SHAM (weekly subcutaneous vehicle [mineral oil + propylene glycol, 1:1]), SHAM+EWH (subcutaneous vehicle plus EWH via gavage, 1g/kg/day), DOCA (deoxycorticosterone acetate diluted in vehicle subcutaneously weekly in subsequent doses of 20mg/kg -1 week, 12mg/kg - 2-3 week, and 6mg/kg -4-8 week, respectively, plus 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl in drinking water), and DOCA+EWH. Body weight gain, food and water intake, glucose, and lipid metabolism were evaluated. Oxidative stress was assessed by biochemical assay and immunofluorescence for NOX-1, NFκB, and caspase-3 in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rtWAT). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and 1β), CD163 macrophage infiltration, and immunohistochemistry for TNFα and UCP-1 were evaluated, as well as histological analysis on rtWAT. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase were also determined in plasma. EWH showed hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties in the arterial hypertension DOCA-salt model. The results demonstrated the presence of functional changes in adipose tissue function by a decrease in macrophage infiltration and in the fluorescence intensity of NFκB, NOX-1, and Caspase-3. A reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and restoration of antioxidant enzymatic activity and mitochondrial oxidative damage by reducing UCP-1 fluorescence intensity were also observed. EWH could be used as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cardiometabolic complications associated to malignant secondary arterial hypertension.
Camila Rodrigues Moro, Edina da Luz Abreu, Samia Hassan Husein Kanaan, Antonio Márquez, Jose Antonio Uranga-Ocio, Luciana Venturini Rossoni, Dalton Valentim Vassallo, Marta Miguel-Castro, Giulia Alessandra Wiggers

1118 related Products with: EGG WHITE HYDROLYSATE PROTECTS WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE AGAINST METABOLIC INSULT IN DOCA-SALT RATS.

5 mg5 mg2 mg3 mg1 g1000 pcs5 mg500 mg1 mg2000 pcs5 mg5 mg

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#38409379   2024/02/26 To Up

Impact of short-term irrigation of diverse distillery wastewater types on plant attributes and antioxidative enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna).

The study was focused on evaluating the short-term irrigation effect of three different types of distillery wastewater, i.e., untreated, primary treated, and secondary treated, on the germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna). The findings indicated that exposure to 50% secondary treated distillery wastewater (ST) resulted in the maximum values for positive germination parameters of pea, including germination percentage, germination value, germination index, peak value, vigor index, speed of germination, and tolerance index. The minimum values were observed at 100% concentration of untreated wastewater (UT). In contrast, the maximum values for various negative germination parameters, i.e., percent inhibition, seedling mortality, and germination period, were observed at UT and minimum at ST. All the growth parameters studied, i.e., length of shoot, length of root and length of seedlings, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot, and dry weight of root, showed maximum values at ST and minimum at UT. Photosynthetic pigment analysis also followed a similar trend. The antioxidative enzyme characterization of Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna revealed the minimum values of catalase, ascorbic peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase at ST (25% concentration of secondary treated distillery wastewater) and maximum values were observed at UT.
Kirti Pandita, Rekha Kumari, Piyush Malaviya

2922 related Products with: Impact of short-term irrigation of diverse distillery wastewater types on plant attributes and antioxidative enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna).

5 G0.1 mg100 μg100 μg1mg50 50 10 mg100ul100 100 μg100 μg

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#38403004   2024/02/24 To Up

Phytochemical profiling and nephroprotective potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Polyalthia longifolia against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat model.

Kidney problems are becoming more common globally and are considered a major health issue in the modern world with high mortality rate. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites is a tropical ethnomedicinal plant used to treat various diseases like diabetes, hypertension and urinary disorders and possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Divya Bisht, Deena Prakash, Ramesh Kumar, Arvind Kumar Shakya, Sadhana Shrivastava

1535 related Products with: Phytochemical profiling and nephroprotective potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Polyalthia longifolia against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat model.

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