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Search results for: Haptoglobin

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#39488329   2024/10/31 To Up

An immuno-inflammatory profiling of asymptomatic individuals in a malaria endemic area in Uganda.

Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum leads to the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). A better understanding of how naturally immune individuals control infections should be valuable for future vaccine studies. Antibodies against RBCs and RBC surface antigens were measured together with different inflammatory markers in healthy adults living in a malaria endemic area of Uganda and compared to Swedish healthy adults. Antibodies binding to RBCs were clearly elevated in Ugandans compared to Swedish samples, and for RBC surface antigens the Ugandans had higher levels of antibodies against JMH, but not against Cromer or Kell. Twenty-eight percent of the Ugandans were PCR-positive for P. falciparum, and these had higher levels of IgG against parasite extract and more inhibition in functional growth/invasion assays, but levels of antibodies against RBC, RBC surface antigens, results from Direct Antiglobulin Tests (DAT) and indirect antiglobulin tests were similar when compared with PCR-negative individuals. When inflammatory markers (α-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, orosomucoid/α-1-acid glycoprotein, CRP, IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured there were in general almost no signs of inflammation except for clearly elevated levels of IgG. Some had low levels of haptoglobin and for orosomucoid more than half of the individuals had clearly reduced levels. There was no correlation between the inflammatory markers and PCR-positivity, antibodies against RBCs or parasites. In conclusion, for healthy adults living in a malaria endemic area, there was a clear presence of antibodies against RBCs in parallel with high levels of IgG and almost no signs of inflammation, even though many individuals were carrying parasites.
Bandar Hasan Saleh, Allan Lugaajju, Muyideen Kolapo Tijani, Lena Danielsson, Ulrika Morris, Kristina E M Persson

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#39486975   2024/09/12 To Up

High-abundance serum glycoproteins as valuable resources for glycopeptide standards.

High-abundance serum proteins, mostly modified by N-glycans, are usually depleted from human sera to achieve in-depth analyses of serum proteome and sub-proteomes. In this study, we show that these high-abundance glycoproteins (HAGPs) can be used as valuable standard glycopeptide resources, as long as the structural features of their glycans have been well defined at the glycosite-specific level. By directly analyzing intact glycopeptides enriched from serum, we identified 1322 unique glycopeptides at 48 N-glycosites from the top 12 HAGPs (19 subclasses). These HAGPs could be further classified into four major groups based on the structural features of their attached N-glycans. Immunoglobins including IGHG1/2/3/4, IGHA1/2 and IGHM were mostly modified by core fucosylated and bisected N-glycans with rarely sialic acids. Alpha-1-acid glycoproteins (ORM1/2) and haptoglobins (HP) were mainly modified by tri-and tetra-antennary (40 %) N-glycans with antenna-fucoses and sialic acids. Complement components C3 and C4A/B were highly modified by oligo-mannose glycans. The other HAGPs including SERPINA1, A2M, TF, FGB/G and APOB mainly contain bi-antennary complex glycans with the common core structure and (sialyl-) LacNAc branch structures. These HAGPs are easily detected by LC-MS analysis and therefore could be used as standard glycopeptides for glycoproteomic methodology studies as well as possible clinical utilities.
Jun Li, Didi Liu, Yingjie Zhang, Zhehui Jin, Yue Xue, Shisheng Sun

2182 related Products with: High-abundance serum glycoproteins as valuable resources for glycopeptide standards.

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#39486046   2024/11/01 To Up

Safety and efficacy of pegcetacoplan treatment for cold agglutinin disease and warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) and warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) are rare autoimmune hemolytic anemias characterized by red blood cell destruction, largely attributable to complement activation resulting in intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. Pegcetacoplan is a subcutaneously administered C3-targeted therapy, which may be suitable for treating CAD and wAIHA. In this open-label phase 2 study, analyses were conducted in two cohorts, one for patients with CAD and the other wAIHA. In each cohort, patients were randomly assigned to receive 270 or 360 mg/day pegcetacoplan for up to 48 weeks. Safety endpoints included the incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and adverse events of special interest (AESI). Efficacy endpoints included change from baseline in hemoglobin (Hb), lactate dehydrogenase, absolute reticulocyte count, haptoglobin, indirect bilirubin, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-fatigue scale. Thirteen (100%) and 10 out of 11 (91%) patients with CAD and wAIHA respectively experienced at least 1 TEAE. Ten patients had at least 1 serious adverse event; none were considered related to pegcetacoplan. The only treatment-related AESIs were injection site reactions. Pegcetacoplan increased Hb levels, reduced hemolysis, and increased FACIT-fatigue scale scores in the first weeks; at week 48 the median (interquartile range) change from baseline Hb for the CAD and wAIHA total groups was 2.4 (0.90 to 3.00) and 1.7 g/dL (‑1.40 to 2.90), respectively, and improvements in hemolysis and FACIT-fatigue scale scores were maintained. This study demonstrated that pegcetacoplan is generally well tolerated and suggests it can be effective in patients with CAD and wAIHA. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03226678).
Eloy Roman, Bruno Fattizzo, Merrill Kingman Shum, Wahid T Hanna, Steven R Lentz, Sergio Schusterschitz S Araujo, Mohammed Al-Adhami, Federico V Grossi, Morie A Gertz

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#39474674   2024/10/30 To Up

Effects of Haptoglobin on Early Brain Injury, Vasospasm, and Lymphatic Drainage After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.

Erythrolysis releases free Hb (hemoglobin), which is one of the most upstream and important molecules causing early brain injury and cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to investigate if a Hb scavenger protein Hp (haptoglobin) supplementation prevents early brain injury and cerebral vasospasm and influences the lymphatic drainage mechanism in an established SAH model of mice by a blood injection into the prechiasmatic cistern.
Fumihiro Kawakita, Hideki Nakajima, Yume Suzuki, Mai Nampei, Hiroki Oinaka, Hidenori Suzuki

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#39474248   2024/10/21 To Up

Impact of Vitamin E Supplementation on High-Density Lipoprotein in Patients With Haptoglobin Genotype-Stratified Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Vitamin E, an essential micronutrient with antioxidant potential, can dramatically reduce the cardiovascular risk in individuals with haptoglobin (Hp) 2-2 genotype diabetes; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and function in individuals with diabetes stratified by Hp genotype. All relevant studies published up to May 2023 were systematically reviewed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on HDL levels were included. The outcomes assessed were changes in HDL concentrations, cholesterol efflux, and HDL-associated lipid peroxides. In total, 163 publications were selected. Based on inclusion and exclusion selection and quality assessment, five studies with 463 participants were included. Vitamin E supplementation did not exert any effect on HDL levels in individuals with diabetes with any Hp genotype. Three of the five studies revealed that vitamin E improved cholesterol efflux and HDL lipid peroxides in individuals with Hp2-2 diabetes but did not positively impact HDL function in Hp1 carriers. Although vitamin E supplementation did not significantly impact HDL levels in individuals with diabetes of any Hp genotype, it may improve HDL function in individuals with Hp2-2 diabetes. These findings indicate a pharmacogenetic interaction between vitamin E and the Hp genotype on HDL function. Moreover, vitamin E supplementation may be an effective strategy for specific individuals with diabetes.
Pan-Pan Zheng, Li-Wen Zhang, Dan Sheng, Min-Zhen Wang, Rong Li, Wei-Li Zhao, Rongmei Liu, Xian Xiu, Yu-Sha Zhao, Xi Min, Zhi-Kai Wang, Zan-Chao Liu

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#39464669   2024/10/07 To Up

Further Insights into The Pathogenic Mechanisms of Haemotropic .

In this study, we examined the effects of experimental intraperitoneal infection with haemotropic (0.5 mL of blood containing 80% parasitaemia) on selected serum biomarkers and cellular pathology in mice. After infection, cells appeared in the blood films within one week. A dose-dependent peak of parasitemia was observed during the 3-week post-infection (pi), with a significant decrease in mean PCV between treatment versus control group at week 3 ( = -3.693, 0.02), week 5 ( = -2.096, = 0.055), and week 7 ( = -4.329, 0.001). There was a significantly ( = -2.330, = 0.048) lower serum oestrogen in treatment (10.38 ± 5.07) than control (17.43 ± 4.48), while serum progesterone was significantly ( = 5.415, = 0.001) increased in treatment (27.37 ± 2.17) than control (15.92 ± 4.20). Serum haptoglobin was significantly ( = 8.525, < 0.01) lower in treatment (8.72 ± 1.49) than control (18.16 ± 1.98) while the SAA was significantly ( = 3.362, = 0.01) higher in treatment (16.79 ± 2.71) than control (11.59 ± 2.15). Prominent lesions observed in the ovary include degeneration, necrosis, vacuolation, and hypertrophy of the lutein cells in corpora lutea. In the lymph nodes, diffused cellular hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue in the cortex. In the liver, degeneration and necrosis accompanied by leucocytic cellular infiltration and Kupffer cell proliferation within the sinusoids. There were diffused leucocytic infiltrations and proliferative lesions in the glomerulus of the kidneys. The disturbance in progesterone and ovarian pathology highlights the potential role of haemotropic in reproductive disorders. The observed changes in biomarkers and cellular reactions following infection in the mouse may be further advanced in sheep and goats.
Paul Bura Thlama, Jesse Faez Firdaus Abdullah, Kamaludeen Juriah, Chung Eric Lim Teik, Che'Amat Azlan, Mohd Lila Mohd Azmi

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#39463263   2024/10/28 To Up

Potential biomarkers for lameness and claw lesions in dairy cows: A scoping review.

One of the major challenges in lameness management is prompt detection, especially before visible gait disturbance. This scoping review describes the potential biomarkers for lameness in dairy cows reported in the literature, their relevance in lameness diagnosis, identifying cows at risk of developing claw lesions and monitoring recovery after treatment. Using specific keywords, a comprehensive literature search was performed in three databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect to retrieve relevant articles published between 2010 and 2022. A total of 31 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. The categories of potential markers for lameness reported in the literature included acute phase proteins (APPs), nociceptive neuropeptides, stress hormones, proteomes, inflammatory cytokines and metabolites in serum, urine and milk. Cortisol, APPs (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) and serum, urinary and milk metabolites were the most studied biomarkers for lameness in dairy cows. While APPs, nociceptive neuropeptides and blood cortisol analyses assisted in elucidating the pain and stress experienced by lame cows during diagnosis and after treatment, evidence-based data are lacking to support their use in identifying susceptible animals. Meanwhile, metabolomic techniques revealed promising results in assessing metabolic alterations occurring before, during and after lameness onset. Several metabolites in serum, urinary and milk were reported that could be used to identify susceptible cows even before the onset of clinical signs. Nevertheless, further research is required employing metabolomic techniques to advance our knowledge of claw horn lesions and the discovery of novel biomarkers for identifying susceptible cows. The applicability of these biomarkers is challenging, particularly in the field, as they often require invasive procedures.
Mohammed B Sadiq, Siti Z Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Wan Mastura Shaik Mossadeq, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain, Nurhusien Yimer, Ubedullah Kaka, Mokrish Ajat, Jesse Faez Firdaus Abdullah

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#39462041   2024/10/26 To Up

Contribution of haptoglobin phenotypic variation to the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetics with and without angiopathy.

The genetic polymorphism of haptoglobin (Hp) has been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors, but a possible relationship between Hp phenotypic variation and increased levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cy) is still unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the Hp polymorphism and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and hypercysteinemia (HCy) in type 2 diabetics (T2D) with and without angiopathy (AGP).
Isabel Ferreira, Manuel Bicho, Ana Valente

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#39458532   2024/10/18 To Up

Sportomics Analyses of the Exercise-Induced Impact on Amino Acid Metabolism and Acute-Phase Protein Kinetics in Female Olympic Athletes.

Exercise can be used as a model to understand immunometabolism. Biological data on elite athletes are limited, especially for female athletes, including relevant data on acute-phase proteins and amino acid metabolism.
Renan Muniz-Santos, Adriana Bassini, Jefferson Falcão, Eduardo Prado, LeRoy Martin, Vinod Chandran, Igor Jurisica, L C Cameron

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#39445270   2024/09/23 To Up

HIV-Associated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Virally Suppressed Patient With Normal CD4 Count: A Rare Presentation.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a thrombotic process characterized by multiorgan failure secondary to microvascular thrombi comprising platelets and von Willebrand factor. HIV is a known risk factor for TTP. However, patients generally have low CD4+ count during initial presentation or subsequent flare-ups. This case report describes a 69-year-old man with HIV who presented with an initial presentation of TTP while having a prior history of HIV with a normal CD4 count and undetectable viral load on presentation. A 69-year-old Caucasian male with a previous history of HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART), a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis maintained on Coumadin, and no previous history of tobacco dependence or substance use presented to the emergency department with symptoms of fatigue and dyspnea worsening on exertion. The patient had stable vital signs on arrival. The initial lab workup was remarkable for hemoglobin of 9.3 g/dL, hematocrit 29%, platelets 22 x 10/L, prothrombin time (PT) 51 seconds, activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 41 seconds, international normalized ratio (INR) 4.3 (on warfarin), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 29 mg/dL, creatinine 2.0 mg/dL, total bilirubin 1.8 mg/dL, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 1229 U/L, haptoglobin less than 10 mg/dL, reticulocyte count 6.21%, fibrinogen 519 mg/dL, and D-dimer within normal limits. A clinical diagnosis of TTP was made with a peripheral blood smear showing schistocytes, as well as evidence of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Prompt initiation of treatment with plasma exchange therapy was started. The patient was also given high-dose steroids and prednisone 1 mg/kg with a prolonged taper. Due to the delay in improvement in platelet count, the patient was also given concurrent rituximab therapy. TTP in HIV is rare, primarily seen in HIV patients who have a high viral load, low CD4 count, or if there is a delay in starting ART. In HIV-induced TTP patients, the relationship between CD4 count and viral load is complex and not fully elucidated. Further research is needed to understand better the interplay between HIV parameters (such as CD4 count and viral load) and the development of TTP in HIV-infected individuals who are already on treatment. This understanding could aid in identifying high-risk patients and developing targeted interventions to prevent or manage TTP in this population.
Ammad Naeem, Ahsan Khan, Khawaja O Omar, Amir Kamran

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