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#39489839   2024/11/04 To Up

Epistatic effects of IGHG and FCGRIIB genes on the development of Alzheimer's disease in African Americans.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have identified a large number of susceptibility genes, but most of AD heritability remains unexplained, implying the existence of additional genes. Furthermore, the majority of the GWAS have been conducted in people of European descent, and the genes important for AD susceptibility in people of African descent have been underexplored. In this hypothesis-generating prospective cohort study, we genotyped 191 African Americans (AAs) from three longitudinal cohorts on aging for the IgG3 allotype GM6, which is expressed exclusively in people of African descent, and assessed its interaction with IGHG, FCGRIIB, and HLA-DRB1 genes. Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that GM6 by itself was not significantly associated with AD development. However, there was evidence of epistatic interaction: The risk of developing AD associated with GM6 positivity was significantly different (p = 0.0098) in non-GM17/GM17 participants compared with GM 17/GM17 participants. Specifically, in non-GM17/GM17 participants, the risk of AD was over fourfold higher in GM6-positive participants compared with GM 6-negative participants (HR = 4.63). Similarly, risk of developing AD associated with GM6 positivity was marginally different in non-FCGRIIB TT participants compared with FCGRIIB TT participants. In non-FCGRIIB TT participants, the risk of developing AD was over twofold higher in GM6-positive participants compared with GM6-negative participants (HR = 2.44). This is the first report suggesting that immunoglobulin GM allotypes might play a role in AD etiology among AAs; however, since this was largely a hypothesis-generating study, replication in larger cohorts would be required to confirm this finding.
Janardan P Pandey, Paul J Nietert, Aryan M Namboodiri, David A Bennett, Lisa L Barnes

2385 related Products with: Epistatic effects of IGHG and FCGRIIB genes on the development of Alzheimer's disease in African Americans.

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#39484217   2024/10/28 To Up

Fluconazole worsened lung inflammation, partly through lung microbiome dysbiosis in mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma.

Innate immunity in asthma may be influenced by alterations in lung microbiota, potentially affecting disease severity. This study investigates the differences in lung inflammation and microbiome between asthma-ovalbumin (OVA) administered with and without fluconazole treatment in C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, the role of inflammation was examined in an study using a pulmonary cell line. At 30 days post-OVA administration, allergic asthma mice exhibited increased levels of IgE and IL-4 in serum and lung tissue, higher pathological scores, and elevated eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared to control mice. Asthma inflammation was characterized by elevated serum IL-6, increased lung cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), and higher fungal abundance confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fluconazole-treated asthma mice displayed higher levels of cytokines in serum and lung tissue (TNF-α and IL-6), increased pathological scores, and a higher number of mononuclear cells in BALF, with undetectable fungal levels compared to untreated mice. Lung microbiome analysis revealed similarities between control and asthma mice; however, fluconazole-treated asthma mice exhibited higher Bacteroidota levels, lower Firmicutes, and reduced bacterial abundance. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production was increased in supernatants of the pulmonary cell line (NCI-H292) after co-stimulation with LPS and beta-glucan (BG) compared to LPS alone. Fluconazole treatment in OVA-induced asthma mice exacerbated inflammation, partially due to fungi and Gram-negative bacteria, as demonstrated by LPS+BG-activated pulmonary cells. Therefore, fluconazole should be reserved for treating fungal asthma rather than asthma caused by other etiologies.
Jesadakorn Worasilchai, Piyapat Thongchaichayakon, Kittipat Chansri, Supichaya Leelahavanichkul, Vathin Chiewvit, Peerapat Visitchanakun, Poorichaya Somparn, Pratsanee Hiengrach

1389 related Products with: Fluconazole worsened lung inflammation, partly through lung microbiome dysbiosis in mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma.



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#39487405   2024/11/01 To Up

Differences in IgG afucosylation between groups with and without carotid atherosclerosis.

A previous study demonstrated that N-glycosylation profiles of IgG are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in a British population. However, the generalisability of this finding to other ethnic groups remains to be investigated, and it has yet to account for additional traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. The present study, thus, aims to explore IgG N-glycosylation profiles in Han Chinese with atherosclerosis, and their potential role in atherosclerosis, while controlling for traditional atherosclerotic risk factors.
Cuihong Tian, Xingang Li, Hongxia Zhang, Jieyi He, Yan Zhou, Manshu Song, Peixuan Yang, Xuerui Tan

1344 related Products with: Differences in IgG afucosylation between groups with and without carotid atherosclerosis.

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#39487134   2024/11/01 To Up

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.

Adult autoimmune haemolytic anaemias (AIHAs) include different subtypes of a rare autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies targeting autoantigens expressed on the membrane of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) are produced, leading to their accelerated destruction. In the presence of haemolytic anaemia, the direct antiglobulin test is the cornerstone of AIHA diagnosis. AIHAs are classified according to the isotype and the thermal optimum of the autoantibody into warm (wAIHAs), cold and mixed AIHAs. wAIHAs, the most frequent type of AIHAs, are associated with underlying conditions in ~50% of cases. In wAIHA, IgG autoantibody reacts with autologous RBCs at 37 °C, leading to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and increased phagocytosis of RBCs in the spleen. Cold AIHAs include cold agglutinin disease (CAD) and cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) when there is an underlying condition. CAD and cold agglutinin syndrome are IgM cold antibody-driven AIHAs characterized by classical complement pathway-mediated haemolysis. The management of wAIHAs has long been based around corticosteroids and splenectomy and on symptomatic measures and non-specific cytotoxic agents for CAD. Rituximab and the development of complement inhibitors, such as the anti-C1s antibody sutimlimab, have changed the therapeutic landscape of AIHAs, and new promising targeted therapies are under investigation.
Marc Michel, Etienne Crickx, Bruno Fattizzo, Wilma Barcellini

2077 related Products with: Autoimmune haemolytic anaemias.

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#39480064   // To Up

T. Muris Infection Dynamics of a Fresh, Wild Isolate: Is the Established E Isolate Still Relevant?

For decades, parasitic worms such as Trichuris muris have been maintained in laboratory animals, providing insights into host-parasite interactions and host immune responses. The most used T. muris isolate is the E isolate, established in the laboratory in 1954. However, one concern with these model systems is the potential for laboratory-induced selection and therefore changes in host-parasite interactions. To address these concerns, we compare the E isolate with a recently isolated T. muris isolate (M isolate), established from wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus, Isle of May, UK), in their capacity to infect laboratory mice. High dose infection of C57BL/6 mice revealed that significantly more parasites of the M isolate survived to the adult stage compared to the E isolate. Worm persistence was associated with heightened TNF-α and IL-10 secretion upon parasite-specific re-stimulation, and higher serum IgG1 and IgG2c levels, concomitant with an increase in T-bet and ICOS CD4 T effector-memory cells. Differences in host response to the isolates were not as pronounced during low dose infection. Our study highlights the need for regular evaluation of lab-maintained parasite isolates against freshly isolated parasites to understand whether the established lab strains remain relevant model systems for our understanding of parasitic infections.
Iris Mair, Alexander R Bennett, Ruth Forman, Abdulrazzag A Othman, Larisa Logunova, Hannah Smith, Ann E Lowe, Janette E Bradley, David J Thornton, Kathryn J Else

1024 related Products with: T. Muris Infection Dynamics of a Fresh, Wild Isolate: Is the Established E Isolate Still Relevant?

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#39479953   2024/10/07 To Up

Paucity of gastrointestinal plasma cells in common variable immunodeficiency.

Common variable immunodeficiency enteropathy (CVID-E) is a noninfectious complication of CVID caused by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Based on literature, a paucity or lack of plasma cells, although not obligatory for diagnosis, is a pathognomonic feature of CVID and more frequent in CVID-E. However, there is no consensus on standardized histopathological analysis of this feature in biopsies. In this systematic review, we highlight methods of reproducible plasma cell quantification of biopsies in CVID and describe the plasma cell counts and classes as presented in the literature.
Jan Willem N Marsden, Miangela M Laclé, Mirjam Severs, Helen Louisa Leavis

1112 related Products with: Paucity of gastrointestinal plasma cells in common variable immunodeficiency.

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#39478859   2024/10/16 To Up

Qualification of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of anti-Vi IgG in human sera.

Effective vaccines against Typhi, targeting the Vi capsular polysaccharide, have been developed and are being introduced into routine immunization in endemic countries. Vi conjugated vaccines are also being tested in new multi-component vaccine formulations. Simple, high-throughput and cost-effective assays to quantify Vi-specific IgG in clinical sera are needed. In this study we present the development and qualification of a new anti-Vi ELISA with continuous readout, which expresses results as ELISA Unit/mL (EU/mL). We have qualified the assay in terms of precision, linearity and specificity, demonstrating performance in line with a commercially available anti-Vi ELISA. We have also calibrated the assay against the 16/138 anti-Vi international standard and established conversion factor between EU/mL and international units/mL, to allow comparability of results across studies. In summary, this new assay met all the suitability criteria and is being used to evaluate anti-Vi responses in clinical studies.
Martina Carducci, Luisa Massai, Elisa Lari, Bianca Semplici, Maria Grazia Aruta, Daniele De Simone, Pietro Piu, Emanuele Montomoli, Francesco Berlanda Scorza, Silvia Grappi, Miren Iturriza-Gómara, Rocio Canals, Simona Rondini, Omar Rossi

2563 related Products with: Qualification of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification of anti-Vi IgG in human sera.

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#39478310   // To Up

Improvement of RBD-FC Immunogenicity by Using Alum-Sodium Alginate Adjuvant Against SARS-COV-2.

Adjuvants use several mechanisms to boost immunogenicity and to modulate immune response. The strength of adsorption of antigen by adjuvants can be a determinant factor for significant improvement of immunopotentiation.
Mahboobeh Dehghan, Hossein Askari, Masoud Tohidfar, Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat, Fataneh Fatemi

1964 related Products with: Improvement of RBD-FC Immunogenicity by Using Alum-Sodium Alginate Adjuvant Against SARS-COV-2.

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#39478136   2024/10/30 To Up

Blood culture-negative endocarditis caused by Bartonella quintana in Iran.

Blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE) is a challenging disease because of the significant impact of delayed diagnosis on patients. In this study, excised heart valves and blood serum samples were collected from 50 BCNE patients in two central hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Sera were tested by IFA for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Bartonella quintana and B. henselae. Genomic DNA extracted from the heart valves was examined for Bartonella-specific ssrA gene in a probe-based method real-time PCR assay. Any positive sample was Sanger sequenced. IgG titer higher than 1024 was observed in only one patient and all 50 patients tested negative for Bartonella IgM. By real-time PCR, the ssrA gene was detected in the valve of one patient which was further confirmed to be B. quintana. Bartonella-like structures were observed in transmission electron microscopy images of that patient. We present for the first time the involvement of Bartonella in BCNE in Iran. Future research on at-risk populations, as well as domestic and wild mammals as potential reservoirs, is recommended.
Masoud Azimzadeh, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, Alireza Sazmand, Kianoush Saberi, Zohreh Farahani, Monireh Kamali, Mahdi Haddadzadeh, Gholamreza Safarpoor, Alireza Nourian, Younes Mohammadi, Farzad Beikpour, Mehrdad Salehi, Grazia Greco, Bruno Chomel

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#39478131   2024/10/30 To Up

Analysis of olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin positivity.

To investigate disparities in sensitisation to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A/B (SEA/SEB) and olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), those with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and healthy controls who underwent septoplasty only. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 388 subjects aged ≥ 8 years, collected between January 2021 and June 2023. We analysed patient demographics, medical history, serum IgE levels against staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), and serum total IgE levels against inhalant allergens. We performed olfactory and taste function tests in the participants to evaluate the relationship between olfactory function and SEs. Of 388 patients enrolled, 145 were healthy controls, 111 had CRSsNP, and 133 had CRSwNP. The prevalence of SEA/SEB positivity was significantly higher among the patients with CRSwNP than among those in the CRSsNP and healthy controls. The olfactory test results showed significant differences among the groups; anosmia was observed in 9.7% of healthy controls, 22.7% of patients with CRSsNP, and 45.1% of patients with CRSwNP. Olfactory threshold deterioration was evident in patients with CRS. Distinction and identification were more impaired in patients with CRSwNP than in those of the other groups. Finally, the olfactory function scores decreased as the serum levels of SEs increased. Sinusitis patients seem to suffer from perceiving odours, and patients with CRSwNP have difficulty distinguishing odours. Olfactory function test scores decreased in patients with a history of asthma, and as serum levels of staphylococcus enterotoxin and blood eosinophil percentage increase. Furthermore, our result suggests a potential role for SE sensitisation and eosinophil percentage in deteriorating olfaction, especially in patients with CRSwNP.
Minheon Kim, Hee Sung Chae, Dong Hwan Kwon, Eun Kyung Jeon, Young-Ha Lee, Eun Jung Lee

1504 related Products with: Analysis of olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin positivity.

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