Search results for: Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit200 assays
#32752303 
2020/08/01
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Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human HT-29 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells: Different Mechanisms of THC, CBD, and CB83.
In this study, we investigated the effects of exposition to IC dose for 24 h of a new synthetic cannabinoid (CB83) and of phytocannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells. Cell viability and proliferative activity evaluated using the MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and CyQUANT assays showed that cell viability was significantly affected when CB83, THC, and CBD were administered to cells. The results obtained showed that the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio was significantly reduced in the cells exposed to CBD and significantly increased in the cells treated with the CB83 when compared to the controls. CBD treatment causes a significant increase in malondialdehyde content. The catalase activity was significantly reduced in HT-29 cells after incubation with CB83, THC, and CBD. The activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased in cells exposed to THC and significantly decreased in those treated with CBD. The ascorbic acid content was significantly reduced in cells exposed to CB83, THC, and CBD. The ultrastructural investigation by TEM highlighted a significantly increased percentage of cells apoptotic and necrotic after CB83 exposition. The Annexin V-Propidium Iodide assay showed a significantly increased percentage of cells apoptotic after CB83 exposition and necrotic cells after CBD and THC exposition. Our results proved that only CBD induced oxidative stress in HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells via CB receptor-independent mechanisms and that CB83 caused a mainly CB2 receptor-mediated antiproliferative effect comparable to 5-Fuorouracil, which is still the mainstay drug in protocols for colorectal cancer.Daniela Cerretani, Giulia Collodel, Antonella Brizzi, Anna Ida Fiaschi, Andrea Menchiari, Elena Moretti, Laura Moltoni, Lucia Micheli
2786 related Products with: Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human HT-29 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells: Different Mechanisms of THC, CBD, and CB83.
0.1ml (1mg/ml)10 ug5 x 50 ug50 ug1 mg1mg1.00 flask200 1.00 flask1001.00 flask
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#32735957 2020/07/28
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Molecular and functional characterization of a mitochondrial glutathione reductase homolog from redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila): Disclosing its antioxidant properties in the fish immune response mechanism.
Glutathione reductase (GSHR) is a biologically important enzyme involved in the conversion of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) into its reduced form, reduced glutathione (GSH), with the catalytic activity of NADPH. Most animals and aquatic organisms, including fish, possess high levels of this enzyme system to neutralize oxidative stress in cells. The current study was conducted to broaden our knowledge of GSHR in fish by identifying a mitochondrial isoform of this enzyme (LhGSHRm) in redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila, and clarifying its structure and function. The complete open reading frame of LhGSHRm consists of 1527 base pairs, encoding 508 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 55.43 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the conservation of important amino acids in this fish. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the closest evolutionary relationship between LhGSHRm and other fish GSHRm counterparts. In tissue distribution analysis, the highest mRNA expression of LhGSHRm was observed in the gill tissue under normal physiological conditions. Following pathogenic challenges, the LhGSHRm transcription level was upregulated in a time-dependent manner in the gill and liver tissues, which may modulate the immune reaction against pathogens. rLhGSHRm showed considerable glutathione reductase activity in an enzyme assay. Further, the biological activity of rLhGSHRm in balancing cellular oxidative stress was observed in both disk diffusion and DPPH assays. Collectively, these results support that LhGSHRm has profound effects on modulating the immune reaction in fish to sustain precise redox homeostasis.J C Harasgama, T D W Kasthuriarachchi, Hyukjae Kwon, Qiang Wan, Jehee Lee
2358 related Products with: Molecular and functional characterization of a mitochondrial glutathione reductase homolog from redlip mullet (Liza haematocheila): Disclosing its antioxidant properties in the fish immune response mechanism.
100 μg1100 μg100 reactions 100 UG200 assays
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#32460430 2020/05/27
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Brazilian berry extract (Myrciaria jaboticaba): A promising therapy to minimize prostatic inflammation and oxidative stress.
Brazilian berry is a fruit popularly known as "Jaboticaba," rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Senescence and overweight are increasing worldwide and are considered risk factors to prostatic pathogenesis mainly due to oxidative and inflammatory processes induction. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two increasing doses of the patented jaboticaba peel extract (PJE) on oxidative-stress and inflammation in the prostate of aging or high-fat-fed aging mice.Celina A Lamas, Larissa A Kido, Túlio A Hermes, Ellen Nogueira-Lima, Elaine Minatel, Carla B Collares-Buzato, Mário R Maróstica, Valéria H A Cagnon
2078 related Products with: Brazilian berry extract (Myrciaria jaboticaba): A promising therapy to minimize prostatic inflammation and oxidative stress.
1100 extractions6100 extractions1 mg1 g100 mg1 module4 Membranes/Box1 module
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#32437349 2020/05/21
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Spiro-containing derivatives show antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei through inhibition of the trypanothione reductase enzyme.
Trypanothione reductase (TR) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of trypanothione, an antioxidant dithiol that protects Trypanosomatid parasites from oxidative stress induced by mammalian host defense systems. TR is considered an attractive target for the development of novel anti-parasitic agents as it is essential for parasite survival but has no close homologue in humans. We report here the identification of spiro-containing derivatives as inhibitors of TR from Trypanosoma brucei (TbTR), the parasite responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis. The hit series, identified by high throughput screening, was shown to bind TbTR reversibly and to compete with the trypanothione (TS2) substrate. The prototype compound 1 from this series was also found to impede the growth of Trypanosoma brucei parasites in vitro. The X-ray crystal structure of TbTR in complex with compound 1 solved at 1.98 Å allowed the identification of the hydrophobic pocket where the inhibitor binds, placed close to the catalytic histidine (His 461') and lined by Trp21, Val53, Ile106, Tyr110 and Met113. This new inhibitor is specific for TbTR and no activity was detected against the structurally similar human glutathione reductase (hGR). The central spiro scaffold is known to be suitable for brain active compounds in humans thus representing an attractive starting point for the future treatment of the central nervous system stage of T. brucei infections.Lorenzo Turcano, Theo Battista, Esther Torrente De Haro, Antonino Missineo, Cristina Alli, Giacomo Paonessa, Gianni Colotti, Steven Harper, Annarita Fiorillo, Andrea Ilari, Alberto Bresciani
1687 related Products with: Spiro-containing derivatives show antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei through inhibition of the trypanothione reductase enzyme.
48 assays100 U48 assays 0.1ml (1mg/ml)96 assays 200 assays500 48 assays 500 900 tests96 assays
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#32203539 2020/03/23
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C8J_1298, a bifunctional thiol oxidoreductase of Campylobacter jejuni, affects Dsb (disulfide bond) network functioning.
Posttranslational generation of disulfide bonds catalyzed by bacterial Dsb (disulfide bond) enzymes is essential for the oxidative folding of many proteins. Although we now have a good understanding of the Escherichia coli disulfide bond formation system, there are significant gaps in our knowledge concerning the Dsb systems of other bacteria, including Campylobacter jejuni, a food-borne, zoonotic pathogen. We attempted to gain a more complete understanding of the process by thorough analysis of C8J_1298 functioning in vitro and in vivo. C8J_1298 is a homodimeric thiol-oxidoreductase present in wild type (wt) cells, in both reduced and oxidized forms. The protein was previously described as a homolog of DsbC, and thus potentially should be active in rearrangement of disulfides. Indeed, biochemical studies with purified protein revealed that C8J_1298 shares many properties with EcDsbC. However, its activity in vivo is dependent on the genetic background, namely, the set of other Dsb proteins present in the periplasm that determine the redox conditions. In wt C. jejuni cells, C8J_1298 potentially works as a DsbG involved in the control of the cysteine sulfenylation level and protecting single cysteine residues from oxidation to sulfenic acid. A strain lacking only C8J_1298 is indistinguishable from the wild type strain by several assays recognized as the criteria to determine isomerization or oxidative Dsb pathways. Remarkably, in C. jejuni strain lacking DsbA1, the protein involved in generation of disulfides, C8J_1298 acts as an oxidase, similar to the homodimeric oxidoreductase of Helicobater pylori, HP0231. In E. coli, C8J_1298 acts as a bifunctional protein, also resembling HP0231. These findings are strongly supported by phylogenetic data. We also showed that CjDsbD (C8J_0565) is a C8J_1298 redox partner.Anna Marta Banaś, Katarzyna Marta Bocian-Ostrzycka, Maciej Plichta, Stanisław Dunin-Horkawicz, Jan Ludwiczak, Jagoda Płaczkiewicz, Elżbieta Katarzyna Jagusztyn-Krynicka
2769 related Products with: C8J_1298, a bifunctional thiol oxidoreductase of Campylobacter jejuni, affects Dsb (disulfide bond) network functioning.
200 ug100 500 11 g0.2 mg1 ml100 ug1 g1 mg0.2 mg 25 G
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#32038263 2020/01/23
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Pioglitazone Attenuates Reoxygenation Injury in Renal Tubular NRK-52E Cells Exposed to High Glucose Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) under normal- (NG) or high-glucose (HG) culture conditions evaluating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The RTECs (NRK-52E cells) were divided into six groups as follows: NG group, HG group, NG + H/R group, HG + H/R group, NG + Pio + H/R group, and HG + Pio + H/R group, among which cells in H/R groups were subjected to 4 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation. After that, the cells were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay for the determination of their viability and flow cytometry assay for the detection of apoptosis. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined colorimetric chemical assays. In addition, the expression of ERS-associated proteins, i.e. ATF4, ATF6, GRP78, and CHOP, was determined western blotting. A HG environment could reduce the viability and increase the apoptotic rate of NRK-52E cells with increased MDA levels and decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH levels, and upregulate the expression of ERS-associated proteins, i.e. ATF4, ATF6, and GRP78. H/R injury could further aggravate changes in the above indicators, but pioglitazone could significantly reverse such changes and alleviate cell injury. Thus, Pioglitazone exhibits a cytoprotective effect on RTECs against H/R injury under NG or HG culture conditions by inhibiting oxidative stress and ERS.Cong Zou, Zhiyu Zhou, Yunming Tu, Weichao Wang, Tongchang Chen, Honglin Hu