Search results for: ribonuclease
#32735657 
2020/07/31
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Evolutionary and functional classification of the CARF domain superfamily, key sensors in prokaryotic antivirus defense.
CRISPR-associated Rossmann Fold (CARF) and SMODS-associated and fused to various effector domains (SAVED) are key components of cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling systems (CBASS) that sense cyclic oligonucleotides and transmit the signal to an effector inducing cell dormancy or death. Most of the CARFs are components of a CBASS built into type III CRISPR-Cas systems, where the CARF domain binds cyclic oligoA (cOA) synthesized by Cas10 polymerase-cyclase and allosterically activates the effector, typically a promiscuous ribonuclease. Additionally, this signaling pathway includes a ring nuclease, often also a CARF domain (either the sensor itself or a specialized enzyme) that cleaves cOA and mitigates dormancy or death induction. We present a comprehensive census of CARF and SAVED domains in bacteria and archaea, and their sequence- and structure-based classification. There are 10 major families of CARF domains and multiple smaller groups that differ in structural features, association with distinct effectors, and presence or absence of the ring nuclease activity. By comparative genome analysis, we predict specific functions of CARF and SAVED domains and partition the CARF domains into those with both sensor and ring nuclease functions, and sensor-only ones. Several families of ring nucleases functionally associated with sensor-only CARF domains are also predicted.Kira S Makarova, Albertas Timinskas, Yuri I Wolf, Ayal B Gussow, Virginijus Siksnys, Česlovas Venclovas, Eugene V Koonin
1591 related Products with: Evolutionary and functional classification of the CARF domain superfamily, key sensors in prokaryotic antivirus defense.
100 ug100 ug100 ug15mg100 ug
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#32725938 2020/07/29
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Fg12 ribonuclease secretion contributes to Fusarium graminearum virulence and induces plant cell death.
Filamentous fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for various devastating diseases. However, little is known about the function of effector proteins secreted by F. graminearum. Herein, we identified several effector candidates in the F. graminearum secretome. Among them, the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean; its deletion compromised the virulence of F. graminearum. Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death in a light-dependent manner. Fg12 possessed RNase activity, degrading total RNA. The enzymatic activity of Fg12 was required for its cell death-promoting effects. Importantly, the ability of Fg12 to induce cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1, and treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae. Overall, our results provide evidence that RNase effectors not only contribute to pathogen virulence but also induce plant cell death. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Bo Yang, Yuyin Wang, Mengjun Tian, Kaixin Dai, Wenyue Zheng, Zehan Liu, Sen Yang, Xinyu Liu, Dongya Shi, Haifeng Zhang, Yan Wang, Wenwu Ye, Yuanchao Wang
1919 related Products with: Fg12 ribonuclease secretion contributes to Fusarium graminearum virulence and induces plant cell death.
1 kit100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized1 kit100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized100ug Lyophilized100 extractions100ug Lyophilized96 assays
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#32705853 //
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Research Progress on MicroRNA in Forensic Medicine as Molecular Markers.
MicroRNA （miRNA） belongs to a class of endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules with a length of 18-24 nucleotides. The expression of miRNA is highly conservative, has time sequence and is highly tissue-specific. MiRNA could not be easily degraded by ribonuclease, and is resistant to changes in environmental factors such as temperature and pH value. Moreover, miRNA can even be detected in corrupt tissue. As a result, miRNA has broad application prospects in many fields of forensic medicine such as source identification of body fluid and estimation of cause of death. This article briefly summarizes the application of miRNA in forensic practice, such as body fluid identification, determination of postmortem interval and cause of death analysis.D Yang, Y Li, Q F Sun, Z Z Li, Q Lü, B Wu, G L He
2117 related Products with: Research Progress on MicroRNA in Forensic Medicine as Molecular Markers.
100 assays100 1 kit96 assays 24 tests100 assays100 assays48 assays24 tests
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#32696107 2020/08/01
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Current Status of Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Therapy in Neuromuscular Disorders.
Neuromuscular disorders include a wide range of diseases affecting the peripheral nervous system, which are primarily characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting. While there were no effective therapies until recently, several therapeutic approaches have advanced to clinical trials in the past few years. Among these, the antisense technology aiming at modifying RNA processing and function has remarkably progressed and a few antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have now been approved. Despite these recent clinical successes, several ASOs have also failed and clinical programs have been suspended, in most cases when the route of administration was systemic, highlighting the existing challenges notably with respect to effective ASO delivery. In this review we summarize the recent advances and current status of antisense based-therapies for neuromuscular disorders, using successful as well as unsuccessful examples to highlight the variability of outcomes depending on the target tissue and route of administration. We describe the different ASO-mediated therapeutic approaches, including splice-switching applications, steric-blocking strategies and targeted gene knock-down mediated by ribonuclease H recruitment. In this overview, we discuss the merits and challenges of the current ASO technology, and discuss the future of ASO development.Flavien Bizot, Adeline Vulin, Aurélie Goyenvalle
1976 related Products with: Current Status of Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Therapy in Neuromuscular Disorders.
250ul100 μg110 mg100 μg1001mg100ug Lyophilized
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#32685921 2020/07/08
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Specific protein-protein interactions limit the cutaneous iontophoretic transport of interferon beta-1B and a poly-ARG interferon beta-1B analogue.
The first objective was to investigate the transdermal iontophoresis of interferon beta 1b (IFN); the second was to determine whether the addition of 10 Arg residues at the N-terminus, creating a highly charged poly-Arg analogue (Arg-IFN), increased delivery. Cumulative permeation of IFN and Arg-IFN after iontophoresis at 0.5 mA/cm for 8 h was 6.97 ± 4.82 and 9.55 ± 1.63 ng/cm, respectively - i.e. >1000-fold less than that of ribonuclease A, cytochrome and human basic fibroblast growth factor. Co-iontophoresis of acetaminophen showed that, in contrast to lysozyme, neither IFN nor Arg-IFN interacted with skin to decrease convective solvent flow. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference between (i) iontophoretic delivery of IFN across intact or laser porated skin and (ii) passive or iontophoretic delivery of IFN across laser porated skin. Chromatographic characterisation supported the hypothesis that IFN was bound strongly to albumin. The formation of a ~ 86 kDa complex with albumin was probably responsible for the poor cutaneous delivery of IFN/Arg-IFN despite the use of iontophoresis and/or laser microporation. Biopharmaceuticals might interact with specific proteins during iontophoretic transport and so decrease their (per)cutaneous delivery without affecting electroosmotic solvent flow, which is usually considered as a reliable marker to report on permeant binding during electrotransport across the skin.S Dubey, R Perozzo, L Scapozza, Y N Kalia
2198 related Products with: Specific protein-protein interactions limit the cutaneous iontophoretic transport of interferon beta-1B and a poly-ARG interferon beta-1B analogue.
100μg100.00 ug100μg96T100 µg100μg100ul 100ul100ug100ugProtein 100ul
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#32682729 2020/07/16
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High resolution crystal structure of NaTrxh from Nicotiana alata and its interaction with the S-RNase.
Thioredoxins are regulatory proteins that reduce disulfide bonds on target proteins. NaTrxh, which belongs to the plant thioredoxin family h subgroup 2, interacts and reduces the S-RNase enhancing its ribonuclease activity seven-fold, resulting an essential protein for pollen rejection inNicotiana.Here, the crystal structure of NaTrxh at 1.7 Å by X-ray diffraction is reported. NaTrxh conserves the typical fold observed in other thioredoxins from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but it contains extensions towards both N- and C-termini.The NaTrxh N-terminal extension participates in the reduction of S-RNase, and in the structure reported here, this is orientated towards the reactive site. The interaction between S-RNase and the NaTrxh N-terminal was simulated and the short-lived complex observed lasted for a tenth of ns. Moreover, we identified certain amino acids as S-RNase-E155 and NaTrxh-M104 as good candidates to contribute to the stability of the complex. Furthermore, we simulated the reduction of the C153-C186 S-RNase disulfide bond and observed subtle changes that affect the entire core, which might explain the increase in the ribonuclease activity of S-RNase when it is reduced by NaTrxh.Torres-Rodríguez María Daniela, González-Segura Lilian, Rodríguez-Sotres Rogelio, Juárez-Díaz Javier Andrés, Cruz-Zamora Yuridia, Cruz-García Felipe
2533 related Products with: High resolution crystal structure of NaTrxh from Nicotiana alata and its interaction with the S-RNase.
1 Set1 Set1 Set1 Set5 mg200ug1 Bottle/Unit1 Set1 Set1 Set1 Set
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#32680564 2020/07/17
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Extracellular vesicles from deciduous pulp stem cells recover bone loss by regulating telomerase activity in an osteoporosis mouse model.
Systemic transplantation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) recovers bone loss in animal models of osteoporosis; however, the mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that trophic factors within SHED-releasing extracellular vesicles (SHED-EVs) rescue osteoporotic phenotype.Soichiro Sonoda, Sara Murata, Kento Nishida, Hiroki Kato, Norihisa Uehara, Yukari N Kyumoto, Haruyoshi Yamaza, Ichiro Takahashi, Toshio Kukita, Takayoshi Yamaza
1155 related Products with: Extracellular vesicles from deciduous pulp stem cells recover bone loss by regulating telomerase activity in an osteoporosis mouse model.
900 tests2 ml0.1ml (1mg/ml)10100 1 mg4 Arrays/Slide100 μg500 1 mg100.00 ug100ug Lyophilized
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#32658892 2020/07/13
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A non-canonical RNAi pathway controls virulence and genome stability in Mucorales.
Epimutations in fungal pathogens are emerging as novel phenomena that could explain the fast-developing resistance to antifungal drugs and other stresses. These epimutations are generated by RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms that transiently silence specific genes to overcome stressful stimuli. The early-diverging fungus Mucor circinelloides exercises a fine control over two interacting RNAi pathways to produce epimutants: the canonical RNAi pathway and a new RNAi degradative pathway. The latter is considered a non-canonical RNAi pathway (NCRIP) because it relies on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and a novel ribonuclease III-like named R3B2 to degrade target transcripts. Here in this work, we uncovered the role of NCRIP in regulating virulence processes and transposon movements through key components of the pathway, RdRP1 and R3B2. Mutants in these genes are unable to launch a proper virulence response to macrophage phagocytosis, resulting in a decreased virulence potential. The transcriptomic profile of rdrp1Δ and r3b2Δ mutants revealed a pre-exposure adaptation to the stressful phagosomal environment even when the strains are not confronted by macrophages. These results suggest that NCRIP represses key targets during regular growth and releases its control when a stressful environment challenges the fungus. NCRIP interacts with the RNAi canonical core to protect genome stability by controlling the expression of centromeric retrotransposable elements. In the absence of NCRIP, these retrotransposons are robustly repressed by the canonical RNAi machinery; thus, supporting the antagonistic role of NCRIP in containing the epimutational pathway. Both interacting RNAi pathways might be essential to govern host-pathogen interactions through transient adaptations, contributing to the unique traits of the emerging infection mucormycosis.Carlos Pérez-Arques, María Isabel Navarro-Mendoza, Laura Murcia, Eusebio Navarro, Victoriano Garre, Francisco Esteban Nicolás
2108 related Products with: A non-canonical RNAi pathway controls virulence and genome stability in Mucorales.
2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box2 Pieces/Box
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#32645367 2020/06/30
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A scoutRNA Is Required for Some Type V CRISPR-Cas Systems.
CRISPR-Cas12c/d proteins share limited homology with Cas12a and Cas9 bacterial CRISPR RNA (crRNA)-guided nucleases used widely for genome editing and DNA detection. However, Cas12c (C2c3)- and Cas12d (CasY)-catalyzed DNA cleavage and genome editing activities have not been directly observed. We show here that a short-complementarity untranslated RNA (scoutRNA), together with crRNA, is required for Cas12d-catalyzed DNA cutting. The scoutRNA differs in secondary structure from previously described tracrRNAs used by CRISPR-Cas9 and some Cas12 enzymes, and in Cas12d-containing systems, scoutRNA includes a conserved five-nucleotide sequence that is essential for activity. In addition to supporting crRNA-directed DNA recognition, biochemical and cell-based experiments establish scoutRNA as an essential cofactor for Cas12c-catalyzed pre-crRNA maturation. These results define scoutRNA as a third type of transcript encoded by a subset of CRISPR-Cas genomic loci and explain how Cas12c/d systems avoid requirements for host factors including ribonuclease III for bacterial RNA-mediated adaptive immunity.Lucas B Harrington, Enbo Ma, Janice S Chen, Isaac P Witte, Dov Gertz, David Paez-Espino, Basem Al-Shayeb, Nikos C Kyrpides, David Burstein, Jillian F Banfield, Jennifer A Doudna